'Exact' methods for categorical data are exact in terms of using probability distributions that do not depend on unknown parameters. However, they are conservative inferentially. The actual error probabilities for tests and confidence intervals are bounded above by the nominal level. This article examines the conservatism for interval estimation and describes ways of reducing it. We illustrate ...

The traditional definition of a confidence interval requires the coverage probability at any value of the parameter to be at least the nominal confidence level. In constructing such intervals for parameters in discrete distributions, less conservative behavior results from inverting a single two-sided test than inverting two separate one-sided tests of half the nominal level each. We illustrate...

OBJECTIVE Disease risk elevation due to an environmental factor only for individuals with a susceptible genotype is a typical example of gene-environment interaction. In order to identify risk factors interacting with susceptible genotypes in case-control studies, presumptions on minimal size of cases with the susceptible genotype (S (min)) and odds ratio (OR) among the susceptible individuals ...

for vectors x, y ∈ rn, it is said that x is left matrix majorizedby y if for some row stochastic matrix r; x = ry. the relationx ∼` y, is defined as follows: x ∼` y if and only if x is leftmatrix majorized by y and y is left matrix majorized by x. alinear operator t : rp → rn is said to be a linear preserver ofa given relation ≺ if x ≺ y on rp implies that t x ≺ ty onrn. the linear preservers o...

Abstract Nowadays, rapid product iterations result in large quantities of end-of-life products. To meet the fast-growing demand for remanufacturing engineering, companies have quickened standardization and industrialization waste dissembling. Two-sided disassembly lines can effectively disassemble large-sized products on both sides lines, parallel multiple simultaneously with fewer workstations...

Absrruct-A new method for broadband array processing is proposed. The method is based on unitary transformation of the signal subspaces. We apply a two-sided transformation on the correlation matrices of the array. It is shown that the twosided correlation transformation (TCT) has a smaller subspace fitting error than the coherent signal-subspace method (CSM). It is also shown that unlike CSM,...