The relationships between conformation and longevity traits were analysed in 58 493 Czech Fleckvieh cows first calved from 1994 to 2003. All cows were scored for conformation during the first lactation. Genetic correlations between longevity and conformation traits were estimated by bivariate runs using the VCE 4.0 program for variance component estimation. The values of heritability for confor...

The main purpose of this article is to describe interaction between physiology of lactation and milking machine. This is important in order to avoid bad influ­ ences (such as: high somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis, etc.). The paper is divided into two parts: The anatomy part describes udder characteristics needed for healthy udder and high milk yield. The milking machine part describes milkin...

INTRODUCTION Mastitis can occur at any stage of a cow’s productive life. Microbiological investigations of clinical bovine mastitis reveal a causative agent in 75–95% of cases. There is good evidence that microorganisms are involved in almost all cases. At least 137 infectious causes of bovine mastitis are known, but the majority of cases are caused by only a few common bacterial pathogens, nam...

The objective was to examine the direct and correlated responses of linear type, yield traits, and somatic cell scores (SCS) to divergent selection for predicted transmitting ability for type (PTAT) in Holsteins, while maintaining selection for yield traits across lines. For four generations, one-half of the University of Nebraska research Holstein herd was bred to Holstein sires with PTAT > 1....

BACKGROUND Radiation-induced skin reaction (RISR) is one of the most common and distressing side effects of radiotherapy in patients with cancer. It is featured with swelling, redness, itching, pain, breaks in skin, discomfort, and a burning sensation. There is a lack of convincing evidence supporting any single practice in the prevention or management of RISR. METHODS/DESIGNS This double-bli...

purpose : to compare the 6-months anatomic and best corrected visual acuity (bcva) responses after primary intravitreal bevacizumab (ivb intravitreal avastin) and ivb plus macular photocoagulation (mpc) in diabetics with clinically significant macular edema (csme) methods : in this interventional randomized clinical trial (rct) 40 diabetics (80 eyes) with bilateral csme and non-proliferative di...

Recent studies show that immunoglobulins A, G, and M contribute significantly to the maintenance of udder health. Unfortunately, the concentration of immunoglobulins in cow milk during the middle period of lactation is low therefore the question of how to stimulate and maintain a sufficient level and spectrum of antibodies in the udder is topical. The aim of the present study was to evaluate th...

Mastitis in bovine is an important disease in milk herds that cause economical losses due to decrease of milk production and treatment costs. Somatic cell count (SCC) is one of traditional test in mastitis diagnosis. The aim of current study was to evaluate the accuracy of udder check (on-farm) in comparison to SCC in industrial livestock. Current study was conducted in a 100 bovine livestock, ...

Received: Revised: Accepted: Online available: September 02, 2015 October 14, 2015 October 25, 2015 January 13, 2016 The purpose of the present study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic characteristics of the udder and teats in lactating Jennies. Seven lactating Baladi Egyptian Jennies were examined ultrasonographically using 6-8 MHz linear probe. Sagittal and transverse scans of the ud...