Recently, toxicological and epidemiological studies on health effects related to particle exposure suggest that 'ultrafine particles' (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of <100 nm) may cause severe health effects after inhalation. Although the toxicological mechanisms for these effects have not yet been explained, it is apparent that measuring exposures against mass alone is not sufficient...

Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Inhaled ultrafine particles translocate into the blood. Amine-polystyrene ultrafine particles significantly enhance experimental thrombus formation in a damaged hamster vessel and shorten the closure time in the Platelet Function Analyser. Diesel exhaust particles are thrombogenic within one hour of intratracheal instillation and shorte...

The main objective of this study was to develop parsimonious empirical models for predicting the mass and number concentrations of ultrafine particulate (UFP, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 or 0.18 microm) in the atmospheric environment. We found strong correlations existed between the mass/number concentration of UFP and the mass concentration of PM(2.5) (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm) by fitt...

It is well known that when coarse-grained metals undergo severe plastic deformation to be transformed into nano-grained metals, their ductility is reduced. However, there are no ductile fracture criteria developed based on grain refinement. In this paper, we propose a new relationship between ductile fracture and grain refinement during deformation, considering factors besides void nucleation a...

fabrication of ultrafine grained materials by imposing severe plastic deformation for improvement of mechanical and physical properties of metals has been the focus of many researches over the past few years. in this process, a sheet is subjected to repetitive shear deformation conditions by utilizing asymmetrically grooved and flat dies through alternate pressing. in this study, a 2mm thick co...

Materials with ultrafine-grained structure and unique physical and mechanical properties can be obtained by methods of severe plastic deformation, which include processes of asymmetric rolling (AR). Asymmetric rolling is a very effective way to create ultrafine-grained structures of metals and alloys. Since the asymmetric rolling is a continuous process, it has great potential for industrial pr...

INTRODUCTION We investigated whether adding ultrafine (nano-scale) oxygen-carrying bubbles to water concurrently with dissolved carbon-dioxide (CO2) could result in safe, long-duration anesthesia for fish. RESULTS To confirm the lethal effects of CO2 alone, fishes were anesthetized with dissolved CO2 in 20°C seawater. Within 30 minutes, all fishes, regardless of species, died suddenly due to ...

Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a wide range of industrial applications. However, little is known about their potential toxicity. This study aimed at a better understanding of the relationship between the physico-chemical properties of these NPs and their in vitro biological activity. After an extensive physico-chemical characterization, the cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory res...

Silicon-based nanomaterials are promising anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity of 4200 mA h g(-1), more than 10 times that of commercial graphite. Si nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of or below 10 nm generally exhibit enhanced lithium storage properties due to their small size and large surface area. However, it is challenging to generate su...

1 Types of Fillers 1 2 Mixing and Dispersion 2 3 Rheology and Modulus of Filled Rubber 3 3.1 Hydrodynamic Effect 4 3.2 Rubber–Filler Interaction 4 3.3 Filler–Filler Interaction (Particle Network Formation) 5 4 Mechanical Hysteresis 5 4.1 Dynamic Properties 6 4.2 Strain Softening and the Mullins Effect 7 5 Failure Properties of Filled Rubber 7 6 Summary 9 Acknowledgment 9 References 9 Further Re...