-----------------Four extracorporeal blood flow measurement devices were compared for accuracy: the digital display (Stockert-Shiley roller pump), the Sarns doppler flow probe, the Transonic ultrasonic flow probe and the Biomedicus electromagnetic flow probe. The effects of changing temperature and hematocrit at various flows were compared. Eighty-four blood flow measurements were recorded for ...

The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED, 2012/27/EU) has made mandatory the installation of individual metering systems in case buildings with centralized heating/cooling and hot water sources (multi-apartment multi-purpose buildings), provided it is economically technically feasible. Individual mainly based on thermal energy meters (TEM), which are widely used for direct heating applications. On ...

The dynamic response characteristics of flowmeters are often not considered when selecting a flowmeter for use in flow control applications. It is generally assumed that slow controller sample rates make flowmeter response a moot issue. This assumption is shown to be incorrect. It is demonstrated that the use of faster responding flowmeters will always result in reduced process variability, reg...