I. Background Concern about the environmental costs of economic development is now both widespread and intense. At one extreme, environmental deterioration, as through air and water pollution and deforestation, is seen as an unavoidable cost of industrialization, urbanization, and the growth of consumption (and the change in its composition) that are at the heart of “development” in the common ...

Device mismatch seriously degrades accuracy in noise figure characterization. The suitability of corrections to the gain definitions for a more precise noise figure evaluation for mismatched devices is investigated and compared to classical techniques. The effects of device mismatch on the noise figure of the noise-meter receiver and its impact on the final accuracy are analyzed.

PURPOSE This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in subjects of five different Chinese nationalities (Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui, and Uighur). METHODS Fifty healthy subjects (five male and five female of each nationality) were recruited for the study, and each received 1 g tinidazole. A total of 14 blood samples were collected over a 72-hour period after administration. R...

0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 0 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 1 I E E E J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 1 I E E E S O F T W A R E 81 ultimate system quality. Implementing the function test as a formal process lets testers cope better with the functional complexity of the software application under test. Testplan documents and test-case specifications are important deliverables from the formal test process....

A fully automated and computationally efficient Pearson's correlation change classification (APC3) approach is proposed and shown to have overall comparable performance with both an average accuracy and an average AUC of 0.89 ± 0.08 but is 3.9 to 7 times faster, easier to use and have low outlier susceptibility in contrast to other dimensional reduction and classification combinations using onl...

We introduce a new smooth estimator of the ROC curve based on log-concave density estimates of the constituent distributions. We show that our estimate is asymptotically equivalent to the empirical ROC curve if the underlying densities are in fact log-concave. In addition, we empirically show that our proposed estimator exhibits an efficiency gain for finite sample sizes with respect to the sta...

We propose a method that uses off-the-shelf binary classifiers and combines them in real-time to achieve quality, time, and cost characteristics that satisfy user-provided constraints; moreover, it shares intermediate computation (e.g., features, classifiers, kernels) between classes to reduce time and cost. An important distinction between this approach and others is that the primary focus of ...

Testing may be used to show that a system under test conforms to its specification. In the case of a distributed system, one may have to use a distributed test architecture, involving p testers in order to test the system under test. These p testers may under some circumstances have to coordinate their actions with each other using external coordination channels. This may require the use of up ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed conflicting results for the Breastfeeding Assessment Score (BAS) in predicting early breastfeeding cessation. Our objective was to externally validate the BAS and provide summary accuracy estimates for this clinical prediction model. METHODS We used the original data from a prospective cohort study. Additional studies were identified by searching elec...

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) to arthrolysis for combat-related arthrofibrosis. Sixty-one knees in 56 patients who underwent treatment for arthrofibrosis secondary to lower extremity trauma were reviewed. Knee range of motion preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up was analyzed. The primary outcome measure was the differen...