Conditional e-cash or conditional e-payments have been introduced by Shi et al. as the means for enabling electronic payments to be based on the outcome of a certain condition not known in advance. In this framework, a payer obtains an electronic coin and can transfer it to a payee under a certain condition. Once the outcome of the condition is known, if it was favorable to the payee, the payee...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of trade credit in the inventory system. It explores an inventory system with noninstantaneous replenishment under conditions of permissible delay in payments. In practice, the supplier allows a certain fixed credit period to settle the account for stimulating retailer’s demand. Besides, the supplier can offer cash discount to encourage ret...

This paper develops a stochastic model for comparing payments to U.S. corn producers under the U.S. Senate’s Average Crop Revenue Program (ACR) versus payments under the pricebased marketing loan benefit and countercyclical payment programs. Using this model, the paper examines the sensitivity of the density function for payments to changes in expected price levels. We also assess the impact of...

Payments for ecosystem services offer the potential to financially benefit landowners in exchange for active forest management. Given their nontimber focus, such payments might be particularly attractive to those owners who do not participate in typical forestry programs. To investigate, we surveyed “nonparticipating” Wisconsin landowners to assess their interest in possible payments for ecosys...

payments axe financed by SUB funds covermg temporary and permanent layoffs The estunates of contrlbutlons and benefits m the employee-benefit plan series are based, for the most part, on reports by private msurante COlllp*IU*S and other nongovernment agencies Contrlbutlons under msured pension plans are on a net basis, with dlvldends and refunds deducted Contrlbutlons under nonmsured plans are,...