In recent years, it has become increasingly important to incorporate explicit dynamics in economic analysis. These two tools that mathematicians have developed, differential equations and optimal control theory, are probably the most basic for economists to analyze dynamic problems. In this paper I will consider the linear differential equations on the plane (phase diagram) and elements of nonl...

This research suggests that the distribution of land within and across countries affected the nature of the transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy generating diverging growth patterns across countries. Land abundance, which was beneficial in early stages of development, generated in later stages a hurdle for human capital accumulation and economic growth among countries in which l...

increasing concern with income distribution effects rather than growth effects of government activities has prompted numerous incidence analysis of government tax and expenditure behavior, in this paper, the extent of government contributions to changes in income inequality is analyzed for the Iranian economy. Some major findings of this research is that income distribution in urban areas was m...

This study aims at determining the relation of social exclusion (Deprivation development gains, weak economic participation, political unequal distribution job opportunities) with trend towards intellectual extremism among youth in Jordanian society. To achieve goals study, survey by sample approach was followed using a questionnaire. A random stratified faculty , and clustered divisions' level...

granted that literacy is a social practice involving different values, attitudes, feelings, and social relationships, this study attempts to examine literacy practices and the potential changes made through a history of forty years. the study was conducted in the village of cheshmeh, near mashhad, iran, where the social definition of literacy emerged. the data have been collected through partic...