Parity-time (PT) symmetric structures present the unidirectional invisibility at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point. In this paper, we propose a PT-symmetric circuit consisting of a resistor and a microwave tunnel diode (TD) which represent the attenuation and amplification, respectively. Based on the scattering matrix method, the circuit can exhibit an ideal unidirectional performance ...

Online-Recognition requires the acoustic model to provide posterior probabilities after a limited time delay given the online input audio data. This necessitates unidirectional modeling and the standard solution is to use unidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) or feedforward neural networks (FFNN). It is known that bidirectional LSTMs are more powerful and ...

Unidirectional links can occur in wireless networks and mixed-media networks. However, the vast majority of routing algorithms proposed to date require bidirectional links to operate. We present an efficient link-state routing algorithm, which we call ULPC, that operates with unidirectional links. ULPC is based on the concept of “inclusive cycle” of a link, which is the distance that link-state...

A xed-length binary code is called t{unidirectional error detecting if no codeword can be transformed into another codeword by at most t unidirectional errors. In this paper we consider the problem of mapping information sequences of length k into code-words of a t{unidirectional error detecting code of length k + p. In case of systematic codes we show that the parameters p and t must satisfy t...

Rates of liquid secretion and absorption across the bronchopulmonary airways are important for regulating airway surface liquid volume and maintaining mucociliary transport. The current study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring not just net liquid movements but unidirectional liquid movements across isolated intact bronchi from swine. Airways were liquid filled to assess both net liquid m...

Experiments have shown that unidirectional links are quite common in wireless sensor networks. Still, many MAC protocols ignore their existence, even though they have a tremendous impact on the performance of both TDMAand contention based protocols. In contention based protocols the medium may be assumed free when it is indeed busy. In TDMA based protocols two neighboring nodes might get assign...

The Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MpE) is a standard method for encapsulating IP packets into MpEG-2 TS frames. However MPE has some disadvantages in simplicity and efficiency to support next generation network. The Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (uLE) is a new solution to overcome limitations of MpE. In uLE, packets are layered directly into the payload field of MPEG-2 TS frames. Thi...

Quantum battery works as a micro- or nanodevice to store and redistribute energy at the quantum level. Here we propose spin-charger protocol, in which cells are charged by finite number of spins through general Heisenberg $XY$ interaction. Under isotropic interaction, protocol is endowed with higher capacity terms maximum stored than conventional protocols, where continuous-variable system, e.g...