Turbo-code is known as the powerful error correcting code. The principle of turbo-code, which is the concatenated convolutional code, makes it possible to control the code rate by the use of the puncturing. When the puncturing is applied, the reliability of the decoded bits is not uniform over a frame, because some bits are decoded using only received information bits, and the others are decode...

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This paper addresses the performance of maximum-likelihood decoding of a serial concatenation comprising a high-rate convolutional code or a turbo code, a uniform interleaver, and a dicode partial-response channel. The e ect of a channel precoder on the system performance is also considered. Bitand word-error-rate estimates based upon properties of the average Euclidean distance spectrum of the...

Permutation coding is a block coding/quantization scheme where the codebook is comprised entirely of permutations of a single starting vector. Permutation codes for the uniform source are developed using a simple algorithm. The performance of these codes is compared against scalar codes and permutation codes developed by different methodologies. It is shown that the algorithm produces codes as ...

Significant problems of the criminal process are associated with fact that at legislative level, pre-trial proceedings and court in cases regulated same way. The predetermination “accusatory bias” arises from similarity structure current law to its Soviet predecessor. extension uniform principles legal various heterogeneous elements leads emasculation their meaning. It is proposed divide proced...