Fear extinction is defined as a decline in conditioned fear responses (CRs) following nonreinforced exposure to a feared conditioned stimulus (CS). Behavioral evidence indicates that extinction is a form of inhibitory learning: Extinguished fear responses reappear with the passage of time (spontaneous recovery), a shift of context (renewal), and unsignaled presentations of the unconditioned sti...

Unprecedented liquidity injections by central bankers have gained legitimacy in recent years to stave off economic crisis and enjoy strong support from prominent economists historians. Such radical action is underpinned a remarkable agreement on specific interpretation of the Great Depression 1930s US, an proposed Milton Friedman Anna Schwartz A monetary history United States (1963). This artic...

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are an efficient data mining approach for classification, clustering and time series analysis. In recent years, a tremendous growth in the amount of data gathered has changed the focus of SVM classifier algorithms from providing accurate results to enabling incremental (and decremental) learning with new data (or unlearning old data) without the need for computati...