Constitutional theorists usually assume that minority-protective judicial review leads to outcomes more favorable to the protected minority and less favorable to the majority. Our analysis highlights an indirect effect of judicial review that complicates this conventional wisdom. Without judicial review, pro-majority and pro-minority leaders adopt different policies. Because judicial review lim...

When contemporary commentators decry what they describe as growing threats to “judicial independence,” they typically invoke “judicial independence” as a normative ideal—an institutional virtue. That virtue is the capacity of courts to protect individual rights, to police structural limits on governmental power, and to decide individual disputes based solely on the applicable law and the factua...

Objectives: This study aims to trace and examine the new amendments enacted by Jordanian legislature govern administration of judicial notices, in order evaluate its advancement challenges they create as well solutions introduce. The following are among electronic means come into force, announced Justice Minister, service civil notices: emails, SMS, lawyer’s personal email.
 Methods: utili...

In 1988, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that premedication judicial review was required to force antipsychotic medications on incompetent committed patients in Minnesota. Before this decision all patients refusing antipsychotic medications at state hospitals were reviewed by an internal multidisciplinary peer review organization called the Treatment Review Panel (TRP). The author examined th...

This study presents a novel switching scheme for three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters. The proposed method independently drives the upper- and lower-arm elements of inverter based on polarity information reference current. does not require inclusion dead-time each switching, except when current changes. Therefore, unlike conventional method, compensation is needed, possibility an a...