in this paper a practical method for tropospheric effects on gps derived coordinates in absolute mode is presented. gps observations at the permanent gps stations can be used as source of information for the modeling. the developed model is a time-dependent model and as such differs from usual tropospheric models, which are based on atmospheric parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure and humidit...

This paper discusses both the theoretical and statistical errors obtained by various well-known dot products, from the canonical to pairwise algorithms, and introduces a new and more general framework that we have named superblock which subsumes them and permits a practitioner to make trade-offs between computational performance, memory usage, and error behavior. We show that algorithms with lo...

A person learns by trial and error if he occasionally tries out new strategies, rejecting choices that are erroneous in the sense that they do not lead to higher payoffs. In a game, however, strategies can become erroneous due to a change of behavior by someone else. Such passive errors may also trigger a search for new and better strategies, but the nature of the search is different than when ...

\Recurrent backprop" for learning to store information over extended time periods takes too long. The main reason is insuucient, decaying error back ow. We describe a novel, ee-cient \Long Short Term Memory" (LSTM) that overcomes this and related problems. Unlike previous approaches, LSTM can learn to bridge arbitrary time lags by enforcing constant error ow. Using gradient descent, LSTM explic...