Discussion Papers are a series of manuscripts in their draft form. They are not intended for circulation or distribution except as indicated by the author. For that reason Discussion Papers may not be reproduced or distributed without the written consent of the author. Abstract Despite the airport privatization and deregulation trend in recent years, whether or not the privatized or commerciali...

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The European Union is aiming at increasing the market share of biofuels in order to improve the security ofsupply of transport fuel and to reduce CO2 emissions. The target is to reach a 10% of fuels from renewablesources on energy basis in the transport sector by 2020 and biofuels represent one of the most importantoptions. Bioethanol and biodiesel represent the only biofuels cu...

Climate change presents a challenge at multiple levels: It challenges our cognitive abilities because the effect of accumulation emissions is difficult to understand. also many people's worldview any climate mitigation regime will have economic and political implications that are incompatible with libertarian ideals unregulated free markets. These created an environment rhetorical adversity in ...

President Clinton and several Legislators have proposed restrictions on price increases in the pharmaceutical industry similar to those on some public utilities. Studies, however, suggest that under conditions of rapidly changing demand (as found in pharmaceuticals), price-caps could be manipulated. Using simulations, we show that in reaction to regulation, pharmaceutical firms would optimally ...

At best, some markets can be approximately perfectly competitive. In practice, most markets deviate quite substantially from the perfectly competitive ideal. A possible policy response is to introduce regulation, in order to correct for the failures of the market. However, regulation gives rise to inefficiencies. No matter what regulatory model is chosen, there will be disadvantages. Depending ...

Linkages between the regulated and unregulated dairy markets in Kenya were examined using an econometric model of the fluid milk intake for eight processing plants. Counter-intuitive results were obtained: an increase in the regulated price was significant in decreasing intake in the regu­ lated market, indicating that a price increase in the regulated market also increased price and quantity s...

The experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different post injection timing and rate on performance combustion unregulated hydrocarbons species emissions from a common-rail diesel engine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used measure analyze which include light (HCs), aromatic hydrocarbon (AHC), n-octane (NC8). results showed that individual similar single when t...