Through the flow injection analysis experiments, we discovered that an unsaturated complex of Cu(II) and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) had a strongly catalytic effect on luminol-H(2)O(2) chemiluminescence (CL) reaction, and that the CL intensity is proportional to the concentrations of polyamines. Based on the automatic formation of an unsaturated complex of polyamines and Cu(II...

This paper presents a triple-continuum conceptual model for simulating flow and transport processes in fractured rock. Field data collected from the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, a repository site of high-level nuclear waste, show a large number of small-scale fractures. The effect of these small fractures has not been considered in previous modeling investigations within the context of a...

An iterative geostatistical inverse approach is developed to estimate conditional effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity parameters, soil-water pressure head, and degree of saturation in heterogeneous vadose zones. This approach is similar to the classical cokriging technique, and it uses a linear estimator that depends on covariances and cross covariances of unsaturated hydraulic paramet...

We describe an evaluation of the "RES-OMAT FE-59" radiometric kit (Mallinckrodt Australia Pty. Ltd.) for determination of total iron-binding capacity and unsaturated iron-binding capacity; serum iron may be calculated from total iron-binding capacity and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. Values obtained on patients' sera were compared with those obtained by continuous-flow analysis; correlatio...

The effect of the microbial growth on hydraulic properties of porous media is a topic studied in the framework of many applications, e.g. oil recovery, wastewater treatment, bioremediation, etc. (see [1]). Studies on flow through porous media in presence of biomass growth are presented in the papers by Rockhold et al. [2–4]. As stated there, additional work is needed for modelling unsaturated c...

All scientific approaches to the origin of life share a common problem: a chemical path to lipids as main constituents of extant cellular enclosures. Here we show by isotope-controlled experiments that unsaturated C3,5,7,9-monocarboxylic acids form by one-pot reaction of acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in contact with nickel sulfide (NiS) in hot aqueous medium. The primary products ar...

[1] In this study, we present an efficient approach, called the probabilistic collocation method (PCM), for uncertainty analysis of flow in unsaturated zones, in which the constitutive relationship between the pressure head and the unsaturated conductivity is assumed to follow the van Genuchten-Mualem model. Spatial variability of soil parameters leads to uncertainty in predicting flow behavior...

Surfactant miscible-displacement experiments represent a conventional means of estimating air-water interfacial area (A(I)) in unsaturated porous media. However, changes in surface tension during the experiment can potentially induce unsaturated flow, thereby altering interfacial areas and violating several fundamental method assumptions, including that of steady-state flow. In this work, the m...

For the numerical simulation of flow and transport through a vertical cross-section of a heterogeneous soil, the combined flow and transport model described by Yeh et al. (1993) (henceforth referred to as "MMOC2") is used and modified for the purposes of this study. This chapter summarizes the main features of MMOC2 and the conceptual changes from the description in Yeh et al. (1993). For the d...

[1] Flow processes in unsaturated fractures considerably differ from flow in rock matrix because of the dominance of gravitational forces, accentuated by variations in fracture geometry. This gives rise to liquid fragmentation, fingering, and intermittent flow regimes that are not amenable to standard continuum representation. We develop an alternative modeling framework to describe the onset o...