Several existing equations for solving the non-linear soil-hydraulic properties are introduced and validated to field and laboratory measured data. Models for non-linear hydraulic properties of unsaturated porous media arise from statistical and mathematical fit through the measured data and they can be expressed in forms of unsaturated permeability versus either pressure head or volumetric moi...

[1] Most analytical and numerical models developed to analyze pumping test data focus on saturated flow below the water table. Traditionally the soil above the initial water table prior to pumping has been thought to have little influence on the test results and has usually been ignored. It is hypothesized that, if the unsaturated zone is capped by low-permeability soil, airflow in the unsatura...

Highly unsaturated soil mixtures (clay, sand and gravel) are used as building materials in many parts of the world, and there is increasing interest in understanding their mechanical and hydraulic behaviour. In the laboratory, xray computed tomography (XRCT) is becoming more widely used to investigate the microstructures of soils, however a crucial issue for such investigations is the choice of...

[1] The simulation of conservative solute transport in a heterogeneous unsaturated soil depends on the description of spatial variability of soil hydraulic and chemical properties. The data from the Las Cruces Trench Site were used to explore the impact of alternative ways of describing the variability of hydraulic properties. Three different approaches were considered: Miller and Miller scalin...

Remote sensing provides a capability to make frequent and spatially distributed measurements of surface soil moisture, whilst recent advances in affordable Time Domain Reflectometry probes allow continuous monitoring of profile soil moisture at specific points. We believe that reliable estimation of the spatial and temporal variation of profile soil moisture on a routine basis will require a co...

Large amounts of the deicing chemicals (DIC) propylene glycol (PG) and formate are spread for removal of snow and ice on the aircrafts and airfields every winter. A considerable amount of these chemicals are carried into surrounding areas, where they mix with snow and infiltrate in the soil during snowmelt. Even though DIC are easily degradable, the high mobility and the high biological oxygen ...