The regime-dependence of aerosol-cloud interaction has recently been highlighted and explored using idealized cloud-resolving models in previous studies. We further utilized synergistic observations from satellites LiDARs to reinforce understandings this interaction, then examined clarified the regime dependence aerosol indirect effects. Results regional satellite retrievals confirm that clean ...

This study uses in situ measurements collected during the FireFlux field experiment to evaluate and improve the performance of the coupled atmosphere–fire model WRF-SFIRE. The simulation by WRF-SFIRE of the experimental burn shows that WRF-SFIRE is capable of providing realistic head-fire rate of spread and vertical temperature structure of the fire plume, and fire-induced surface flow and vert...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors that affect nebulizer efficiency and to compare the relative cost effectiveness of nebulized medications used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), delivered by four types of disposable jet nebulizers that are widely used in hospitals. DESIGN The Hudson 1730 Updraft II, Baxter Misty-Neb, Marquest Whisper Jet (WJ), and Marquest Acorn II were evaluated in ...

The sensitivity of supercell morphology to the vertical distribution of moisture is investigated in this study using a cloud-resolvingmodel with 300-mhorizontal grid spacing. Simulated storms are found to transition from classic (CL) to low-precipitation (LP) supercells when the strength of elevated dry layers in the environmental moisture profile is increased. Resulting differences in themicro...

Number concentrations and mean sizes of ice crystals and derived microphysical and optical properties of subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) formed by homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols are investigated as a function of temperature and updraft speed of adiabatically ascending air parcels. The properties of such clouds are insensitive to variations of the aerosol number and size distributi...

The principal rainband in tropical cyclones is currently depicted as a solitary and continuous precipitation region. However, the airborne radar observations of the principal rainband in TyphoonHagupit (2008) reveal multiple subrainband structures. These subbands possess many characteristics of the squall lines with trailing stratiform in themidlatitudes and are different from those documented ...

Energy demand continues to increase in line with the increasing population which results high energy consumption. Utilization of biomass waste such as coconut shells an alternative source is very beneficial, because it can reduce dependence on fuel oil. One technologies that be used produce gasification. The purpose this study was determine character gasification process using a suction type up...

Oasis self-supporting mechanisms due to oasis breeze circulation (OBC) are proposed and simulated numerically in this study using a coupled mesoscale and land-surface model. Excessive evaporation from the oasis makes the oasis surface colder than the surrounding desert surface. The sensible heat-flux gradient from oasis to surrounding desert drives the OBC with downdraft over the oasis and updr...