Transconjunctival blepharoplasty is a commonly performed procedure. Corneal protection, avoidance of damage to the inferior oblique muscle of the eye, avoidance of hemorrhage from the fat pads, and adequate fat removal are important considerations when transconjunctival blepharoplasty is performed. The described surgical technique provides consistently satisfactory results and avoids the use of...

Eyelid anatomy, including thickness measurements, was examined in numerous age groups. The thickest part of the upper eyelid is just below the eyebrow (1.127±238 µm), and the thinnest near the ciliary margin (320±49 µm). The thickness of skin at 7 mm above the eyelashes was 860±305 µm. The results revealed no significant differences among the age groups. Fast fibers (87.8±3.7%) occupied a signi...

Owing to the endoscopic approach to brow lifting, the renovated awareness of the frontalis-galea-occipitalis (FGO) muscle unit concept has modified the understanding of eyebrow positioning and elevation. It is now felt that this muscle unit elevates the brow and that its surgical freeing from the inferior-anterior insertion, associated with freeing of the FGO unit from its skull attachments, re...