OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach; evaluating Botulinum Toxin type A efficacy on improving ease of care in the upper/lower limb. DATA SOURCES Pubmed, Cinahl, Amed, Embase and Cochrane databases. English Language. Search to July 2014. REVIEW METHODS All randomized, placebo controlled tr...

OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among children with Poliomyelitis having upper limb disability, lower limb disability and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. STUDY DESIGN Total sample comprised of 344 Poliomyelitis children (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 3...

OBJECTIVES Patients without voluntary finger extension early post-stroke are suggested to have a poor prognosis for regaining upper limb capacity at 6 months. Despite this poor prognosis, a number of patients do regain upper limb capacity. We aimed to determine the time window for return of voluntary finger extension during motor recovery and identify clinical characteristics of patients who, d...

Abstract An upper limb motion assist robot to elderly and disabled people is proposed in this paper. The robot can be mounted on a wheelchair to actuate an elderly person’s upper limb three dimensionally by his will. A wrist of an arm is suspended, and actuated by a wire driven control system. A vibration reduction system is also developed to decrease the vibration occurred in the wire driven s...

Only few artificial limbs for total upper arm replacement includes other active joints than those of hand and elbow. The main cause is the difficulty to the set up the limb command system. Some components of artificial upper arm have been recently designed and built by the our research group. The full arm consists of a two active axes shoulder and a single axis elbow, plus a commercial hand. Th...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine effects of the isometric contraction of an upper limb in a supine position on the muscle activity of a healthy adult in the contralateral lower limb. [Subjects] The subjects were 40 healthy adults (35 males and 5 females). [Methods] The muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris, anterior tibialis, and medial gastrocnemius (MG) of t...

background: bilateral activity is a rehabilitation method for cerebral vascular accident (cva) patients with proven efficacy. this study investigated the effects of bilateral activities on the affected side upper limb functions in cva patients. methods: in this empirical study, 21 cva patients were assigned into case and control groups. during 8 weeks interventions the case group received bilat...

OPEN ACCESS Figure 1 Frontal eye model in humans. A1 right hemifield of right visual field, A2 nasal retina of right eye, A3 visual cortex of left cerebral hemisphere, A4 motor cortex of left cerebral hemisphere, A5 right upper limb, B1 left hemifield of right visual field, B2 temporal retina of right eye, B3 visual cortex of right cerebral hemisphere, B4 motor cortex of right cerebral cortex, ...

OPEN ACCESS Figure 1 Frontal eye model in humans. A1 right hemifield of right visual field, A2 nasal retina of right eye, A3 visual cortex of left cerebral hemisphere, A4 motor cortex of left cerebral hemisphere, A5 right upper limb, B1 left hemifield of right visual field, B2 temporal retina of right eye, B3 visual cortex of right cerebral hemisphere, B4 motor cortex of right cerebral cortex, ...

Understanding poststroke upper limb impairment is essential to planning therapeutic efforts to restore function. However, determining which upper limb impairment to treat and how is complex because the impairments are not static and multiple impairments may be present simultaneously. How impairments contribute to upper limb dysfunction may be understood by examining them from the perspective of...