Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is the major cause of impairment of US surface waters. The dominant source of NPS pollution is agricultural activity, and "traditional" pollutants nutrients, sediments, and pathogens are the main detrimental constituents. Erosion from cropland has been declining and is expected to decline further in the 1990s, but it is unclear how this will translate into change...

In industry areas of Poland such as Silesia or urban sites like Krakow and some other cities, the levels of pollutants frequently breach air quality standards. Particulate matter (PM) is the most important constituent of atmospheric pollution. Beginning on 1st February 2014 until 31st January 2015, the samples of fine particulate matter PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter of particles less than or equa...

This discussion paper is dedicated to the source apportionment of speciated mercury measured at an urban site at the Canadian east coast by means of backward trajectory modelling. Thus, it approaches several of the above mentioned scientific questions. First of all, long time measurements of speciated mercury are still relatively rare. As such these measurements are worth being published and wi...

Recent studies suggest that nitrogen can have significant effects on microbial activity and carbon storage by causing shifts in fungal:bacterial activity such that bacterial degradation pathways become dominant under high nitrogen conditions. If true, changes in fungal:bacterial (F:B) ratios could have a major impact on carbon storage in urban pollution affected soils that receive high amounts ...

The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June–July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest...

existence of atmospheric contamination and aerial currents and waves. The main object of Dr. Sisley's book is to " demonstrate the contagious nature of influenza, and urge the propriety of its being included among the diseases of which notification is compulsory." In support of his opinion that influenza is contagious, and that it is chiefly, if not entirely, spread by contagion he advances evi...

The purpose of this article is to show how the dispersion of air pollutants in a street canyon could be evaluated (we take as an example Bonaparte Street in the 6th district of Paris) so as to estimate the pollutants concentrations in all points even if there are no stations of measurement. This study, which was made for Airparif, is based on a three dimensional air dispersion model called MISK...

lichens are composite organisms formed by a fungus and a green alga and / or a blue-green bacterium. they are recognized as being very sensitive to atmospheric pollution and respond to factors that influence human and environmental healths. since 1860, lichen has been identified as a biological indicator to detect air pollution in great britain and europe. lichens have the high sensitivityto ni...

the main objective of a research program, whose output is presented here, has been to estimate “ventilation coefficients”, a critical parameter in determining air pollution concentration near the surface ground which signifies the ability for natural ventilation of an air shed in an urban or rural area. relevant measured data from the city of tehran has been used to calibrate and further de...

natural climatic conditions in urban areas can be changed by human physical environment. climate as a natural system and city as a human system have close mutual connections. urban population growth and consequent increase in urban physical expansion may lead to intensification in human activities and disturbances in the environment. this contributes to alterations in solar radiation, balance o...