نتایج جستجو برای: urban climate
تعداد نتایج: 334492 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The population dynamics of endemic cholera in urban environments--in particular interannual variation in the size and distribution of seasonal outbreaks--remain poorly understood and highly unpredictable. In part, this situation is due to the considerable demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental heterogeneity of large and growing urban centers. Despite this heterogeneity, the influence of ...
Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP): An integrated tool for city-based climate services
UMEP (Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor), a city-based climate service tool, combines models and tools essential for climate simulations. Applications are presented to illustrate UMEP's potential in the identification of heat waves and cold waves; the impact of green infrastructure on runoff; the effects of buildings on human thermal stress; solar energy production; and the impact of hu...
This paper gives an overview on the software results of the SUDPLAN project. The results can serve as a technical basis for the integration of climate change effects in urban planning, including access to adequate climate change information. End-users provide local data to improve the downscaling of climatic and environmental variables, based on regional climate model output to deliver projecti...
In this paper, we examine the utility of combining mobile transect surface climate observations with remotely sensed observations in order to explore urban growth and its relation to local climate in the city of Beer-Sheva, Israel. Data to produce several transects of surface level meteorological readings were gathered in 2002, funded by a Fulbright grant to the senior author. A transect analys...
Nearly 3 billion additional urban dwellers are forecasted by 2050, an unprecedented wave of urban growth. While cities struggle to provide water to these new residents, they will also face equally unprecedented hydrologic changes due to global climate change. Here we use a detailed hydrologic model, demographic projections, and climate change scenarios to estimate per-capita water availability ...
As an introduction to this special issue on urban heat islands and cool communities, this paper reviews some of the characteristics of urban climates and the causes and effects of urban heat islands. In particular, the impacts of surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heating on the near-surface climate are discussed. Numerical simulations and field measurements indicate that inc...
Average Winter electricity consumption for rural residents in Utah is significantly greater than for those living in urban areas. Based on data from a 1980 survey of Utah residents, this rural-urban consumption differential was investigated using multiple regression analysis. It was determined that the stock of electricity-using devices, climate, and demographic characteristics were the most im...
a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: R14 R52 Keywords: R14 Land use patterns R52 Land use and other regulations This paper expands empirical testing of the predictions of the standard monocentric urban model to examine the size of urban spatial expansion for all US metropolitan regions for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. Until recently, the lack of temporally and spatially-consistently inte...
Problem, research strategy, and findings Historically, urban climate action plans have not focused on residents who are most vulnerable to the impacts of change: neighborhoods people color low-income communities, also known as frontline communities. I examined planning process for five U.S. cities that recently updated their focus equity: Austin (TX), Baltimore (MD), Cleveland (OH), Portland (O...
Urban canopy models (UCMs) are being used as urban-climate prediction tools for different applications including outdoor thermal comfort and building energy consumption. To take advantage of their low computational cost, UCMs are often forced offline without being coupled to mesoscale atmospheric simulations, which requires access to meteorological information above the urban canopy layer. This...
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