public participation is counted as one of the main indexes in sustainable urban management.based on their nature, metropolitan cities has several and complex problems. for this purpose tehranmetropolitan area is selected. quantitative strategic planning matrix (qspm) weighted through a made-byresearcherquestionnaire. the reliability of the model was verified by cronbach’s alpha coefficient. eva...

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a serious public health problem in several Brazilian cities. Although the proximity of chicken houses is often cited as a risk factor in studies of urban ZVL, the role chickens play in the epidemiology of the disease has not been defined. Chickens attract both male and female sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) but are unable to sustain Leishmania infecti...

Data on home accidents for a 3-year period (2000-2002) were collected from health houses, health centres and hospitals involved in a home accident prevention programme in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 15 402 accidents were registered, with a mortality rate of 1.3%. Accidents were more common in women than in men (52.1% versus 47.9%) and urban than rural areas (66.3% versus 33.7%)...

Information has now become such an integral part of our global society, that its access is considered as a basic human right [1, 2]. Moreover, progress of rural and urban developing populations is also getting increasingly dependent upon access to information [3]. This is specifically applicable to Asia which houses the largest developing population. 32 out of 50 Asian countries are considered ...

This paper describes a system called ePro for supporting face-to-face group activities . ePro connects a sensorembedded board and a computer simulation, and is currently used to discuss urban planning and environmental problems. Group members collaboratively construct a town by placing pieces such as houses on the board. The computer simulation program automatically recognizes the arrangement o...

BACKGROUND Several studies conducted in Northeast Tanzania have documented declines in malaria transmission even before interventions were scaled up. One explanation for these reductions may be the changes in socio-environmental conditions associated with economic development, and in particular improvements in housing construction. OBJECTIVE This analysis seeks to identify (1) risk factors fo...