It is difficult to describe hydration status and hydration extremes because fluid intakes and excretion patterns of free-living individuals are poorly documented and regulation of human water balance is complex and dynamic. This investigation provided reference values for euhydration (i.e., body mass, daily fluid intake, serum osmolality; M +/- SD); it also compared urinary indices in initial m...

This controlled hydration study was designed to validate the substitution criteria used by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to classify a workplace urine specimen as inconsistent with normal human urine. Study participants (n = 56) ingested at least 80 oz (2370 mL) of fluid over a 6-h period, 40 oz during the first 3 h (DOT hydration protocol) and 40 oz dur...

OBJECTIVES:Accuracy of pyuria for urinary tract infection (UTI) varies with urine concentration. Our objective this study was to determine the optimal white blood cell (WBC) cutoff UTI in young children at different concentrations as measured by specific gravity.

Hydration status is linked with health, wellness, and performance. We evaluated hydration status, water intake, and urine output for seven consecutive days in healthy adults. Volunteers living in Spain, Germany, or Greece (n = 573, 39 ± 12 years (51.1% males), 25.0 ± 4.6 kg/m² BMI) participated in an eight-day study protocol. Total water intake was estimated from seven-day food and drink diarie...

the aim of the present studyis radiographic evaluation of urinary system and the effect of urografin on clinical parameters, urinalysis and renal function tests in sheep. six clinically healthy female sheep were selected for this study.before experiment, vital signs were recorded. blood and urine samples were collected prior to the trials and paraclinical examinations were performed. urine samp...

Conductivity is a non-linear function of electrolyte concentration in solutions and could be used as an indirect method. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of urine conductivity measurement, which is a simple, cheap and not time consuming method, in the evaluation of renal functions. Seventy-two patients whose primary diseases were not taken into consideration were enrolled ...

Explicit solutions of the two-dimensional floating body problem (bodies that can float in all positions) for relative density ρ 6= 1 2 and of the tire track problem (tire tracks of a bicycle, which do not allow to determine, which way the bicycle went) are given, which differ from circles. Starting point is the differential equation given by the author in [8, 9].