The South African Government recently set targets to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) by lowering salt consumption. We conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to model the potential health and economic impacts of this salt policy. We used surveys and epidemiologic studies to estimate reductions in CVD resulting from lower salt intake. We calculated the average out-of-pocket ...

â  â  hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a major worldwide public health concern. despite recent advances, there has been little success in improving the survival of hcc patients. due to advances in diagnostic modalities and the increasing incidence of chronic viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld), both of which are well known risk factors of hcc, the prevalence of hcc is ...

We sought to obtain an overvie w of published literature in relation to pleural effusions and pleural biopsies, that specifically focused on practices in one or more of the Middle Eastern countries defined above. Publications were in English from 1955-2011 and included original research, reviews, book chapters, editorials, abstracts and case reports. PLEURAL EFFUSION AND ROLE OF CLOSED PLEURAL ...

Primary Argument Critical thinking is an essential element for nurses who function in today’s complex healthcare domain. Nursing organisations worldwide have recognised the need to develop and stimulate higher‐order critical thinking by using innovative strategies to stimulate critical thinking abilities. This Middle‐Eastern hospital sought to promote critical thinking skills in Middle‐Eastern ...

This letter extends recent work by Bahmani-Oskooee (Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Do exchange rates follow a random walk process in Middle Eastern countries? Economics Letters 1998;58:339–344) on testing long-run purchasing power parity for Middle Eastern countries during the post-Bretton Woods period. Using multivariate nonlinear models, strong support is provided for highly nonlinear reversion of real...

This course examines images of Middle Eastern women and their reception in the Middle East and the West. Through an exploration of notable women such as Cleopatra, Mary mother of Jesus and the Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum, we address how political and social issues have been and are played out upon women. Our knowledge of real Middle Eastern female role models is expanded by discussion of women ...

This article revisits the Eastern Bloc's educational assistance provided to North Africa and Middle East during Cold War. It highlights political economic premises, interests policies at play, investigates role of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. examines creation schools in training students socialist countries. The argues centrality education international policy Bloc, further demonstr...

The presence of gigantic apex predators in the eastern Panthalassic and western Tethyan oceans suggests that complex ecosystems in the sea had become re-established in these regions at least by the early Middle Triassic, after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME). However, it is not clear whether oceanic ecosystem recovery from the PTME was globally synchronous because of the apparent la...