This study investigates whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship is supported for a measure of biodiversity risk and economic development across the United States (US). Using state-level data for all 48 contiguous states, biodiversity risk is measured using a Modified Index (MODEX). This index is an adaptation of a comprehensive National Biodiversity Risk Assessment Index. The...

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Turkey. The research uses annual time series data from 1970 to 2017. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests were used test stationarity of series. In this Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is as an estimation technique. Furthermore, classical additive decomposition m...

Focussing on the prime example of CO2 emissions, we discuss several important theoretical and econometric problems that arise when studying environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). The dominant theoretical approach is given by integrated assessment modelling, which consists of economic models that are combined with environmental impactmodels. We critically evaluate the aggregation, model dynamics a...

The tourism sector makes a sizable contribution to country’s gross domestic product, increasing employment opportunities, foreign currency earnings, and economic diversification strategies. This paper uses the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model analyze effects of on environment in world’s top 10 tourist countries from 1972 2021. Panel cointegration second-generation unit root tests are sug...

The environmental issue has become a global problem that needs to be examined frequently, motivating researchers investigate it. Thus, the present study investigated asymmetric impact of globalization, economic growth and natural resources on ecological footprint in presence Kuznets curve (EKC) Thailand. used annual time series data from 1970 2018. applied novel method nonlinear autoregressive ...

This paper is an attempt at empirically studying the link between environmental deterioration, economic growth and trade openness in China. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) augmented as a theoretical framework for study Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach applied to test whether China exhibits similar behaviour. With objective of documenting impact international on emiss...

This study aims to examine the hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) within context Saudi Arabia from 1981 2017. The ARDL approach is employed estimate relationship between ecological footprint, energy consumption, trade openness, and GDP per capita. findings confirm that capita, consumption positively impact reveal presence a feedback capita consumption. results demonstrate empirical...

The study seeks to better comprehend the ecological footprint of United States by analyzing effects digital financial inclusion (FinTech) as well renewable and non-renewable energy usage. Data from 2005 Q1 2020 Q4 were analyzed using quantile autoregressive lag (QARDL) method. It also used Granger causality in quantiles analyze correlation between variables draw conclusions about their relative...

Studies analyzing the environmental impacts of economic growth and considering nexus between stages development remain popular since 90s. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis suggests that there is an inverted-U-shape relationship per capita income damage to environment. Within vast EKC literature, various variables may have impact on pollution were included in models. However, stud...