Heterotopic pregnancy refers to the presence of simultaneous pregnancies in two different implantation sites, generally one intra-uterine pregnancy and one extra-uterine pregnancy (usually tubal). This is a rare case of a heterotopic pregnancy involving concurrent intra-uterine pregnancy and caesarean section scar pregnancy (CSEP). CSEPs are at a high risk of bleeding and uterine rupture, carry...

Nowadays, uterine myomas represent a very common clinical entity. Approximately 20%-40% of the women in the reproductive age have uterine myomas [1,2]. However, in menopause there is a significant decrease in the incidence of uterine myomas [2,3]. A lot of patients with uterine myomas have no symptoms, because these tumors are usually asymptomatic [1]. Nevertheless, patients with uterine myomas...

A thorough evaluation of the uterine cavity is frequently required in gynecology practice. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic values of transvaginal ultrasound examination and hysteroscopy in detecting uterine abnormalities in a group of patients within a range of menopausal status and symptomatology. This study included 285 patients admitted with complaints of abnormal uterine...

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem, and its management can be complex. Because of this complexity, concise guidelines have been difficult to develop. We constructed a concise but comprehensive algorithm for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding between menarche and menopause that was based on a systematic review of the literature as well as the actual management of patients see...

Postmenopausal uterine bleeding is defined as uterine bleeding after permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity. Bleeding can be spontaneous or related to ovarian hormone replacement therapy or to use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (eg, tamoxifen adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma). Because anovulatory "cycles" with episodes of multimont...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transcatheter uterine artery embolization (UAE) for post-myomectomy hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified eight female patients (age ranged from 29 to 51 years and with a median age of 37) in two regional hospitals who suffered from post-myomectomy hemorrhage requiring UAE during the time period from 2004 to 2012. A retrospec...

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the commonest presenting complaints encountered in a gynecologist's office or primary-care setting. The wider availability of diagnostic tools has allowed prompt diagnosis and treatment of an increasing number of menstrual disorders in an office setting. This White Paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of transvaginal ultrasound, blind endometrial sa...

In November 2010, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics formally accepted a new classification system for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years. The system, based on the acronym PALM-COEIN (polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia-coagulopathy, ovulatory disorders, endometrial causes, iatrogenic, not classified) was developed in resp...

Uterine arterial pseudoaneurysm is a very rare condition usually associated with postpartum hemorrhage. It almost never occurs after cervical conization; however, since ruptured pseudoaneurysm could be life threatening, we should consider the possibility of vascular injury such as pseudoaneurysm when we find a patient with vaginal bleeding after the process of surgical operation. Emergency arte...

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