To stand up for the brands they support, members of brand communities develop “oppositional brand loyalty” towards other rival brands. This study identifies how the interaction characteristics of brand community affect the perceived benefits of community members, and whether the perceived benefits cause members to develop community commitment, as well as the relationship between community commi...

introduction: nowadays, without utilization of information technology, it is impossible to have effective access to required information. inappropriate use of new technology for professional knowledge transmission leads to inadequacy of technology as well as cost wasting. therefore, it is necessary to enhance general understandings about information technology (it) abilities and also end-user n...

The Effect of Sanctions on the Job Finding Rate: Evidence from Denmark This paper investigates the effect of sanctions of unemployment insurance benefits on the exit rate from unemployment for a sample of Danish unemployed. According to the findings are that even moderate sanctions have rather large effects. For both males and females the exit rate increases by more than 50% following impositio...

Our paper provides an explanation why cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) provisions and their characteristics vary widely across U.S. industries. We develop models of optimal risk sharing between a firm and union to investigate the determinants of a number of contract characteristics. These include the presence and degree of wage indexing, the magnitude of deferred noncontingent wage increases, c...

the future of biomass energy in the global energy system depends on many major factors, among others on the attitude of society in rural areas to the biomass energy and the renewable energy resources. biomass energy plays increasing role in rural areas with its contribution to the self sufficiency of people in the countryside. the paper deals with the analysis the opportunities of utilization o...

OBJECTIVE States are struggling to find effective means to decrease Medicaid costs. The objective of this pilot study was to compare emergency department (ED) cost and utilization by members who were enrolled in a pilot program (designed to reduce the use of hospital EDs) with the costs and utilization incurred by a control group. METHODS A large, private, primary care pediatric practice laun...

The responsibility of management in any organization is to utilize all its resources effectively and efficiently accomplish envisioned goals. Like other resources, human are crucial firm because they exhibit specialized expertise, talents, skills that spur productivity, innovation, expansion. They the primary reservoir adaptability, resolving issues making them more important than resource achi...