objective: to compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and cyclofem). materials and methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (dmpa) or cyclofem. the volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about fol...

Dear Editor, Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding has various causes. Differential diagnoses include exogenous estrogens, atrophic endometritis/vaginitis, endometrial or cervical cancer and polyps, uterine sarcoma, urethral caruncles and trauma. Therefore, it is necessary to rule out the pathological etiology of bleeding in postmenopausal women. The leech is a member of the phylum Annelida of the cl...

Results This lady was referred to our perinatology unit at 33 week's gestation for vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. There were slight vaginal bleeding and minimal uterine contractions. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a single live fetus compatible with gestational age and circumvallate placenta (Fig 1). She received two doses of dexamethasone for accelerating fetal lung maturation. Tw...

BACKGROUND Uterine arteriovenous malformation is a rare but potential life-threatening source of bleeding. A high index of suspicion and accurate diagnosis of the condition in a timely manor are essential because instrumentation that is often used for other sources of uterine bleeding can be lead to massive hemorrhage. CASE We describe here a case of uterine arteriovenous malformation. A 32-y...

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, simple, and reversible method for birth control, but some women with IUD may still become pregnant. Induced abortion is the main method for termination of pregnancy. If induced abortion is not well‑managed in these patients, it may result in serious vaginal bleeding and uterine rupture. We report a case of uterine artery rupture after induced a...

PATIENT PRESENTATION A 61-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of constipation and vaginal bulge with valsalva 89 days after a robotic-assisted hysterectomy. The patient had intercourse three days prior to presentation and experienced postcoital abdominal discomfort with vaginal bleeding. She denied any other trauma. She had no other complaints and denies fevers, ch...