Biofilms are structured communities characterized by distinctive gene expression patterns and profound physiological changes compared to those of planktonic cultures. Here, we show that many gram-negative bacterial biofilms secrete high levels of a small-molecular-weight compound, which inhibits the growth of only Escherichia coli K-12 and a rare few other natural isolates. We demonstrate both ...

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a severe threat to public health and causes extensive losses in livestock husbandry and aquaculture. Effective strategies to control such infections are in high demand. Enhancing host immunity is an ideal strategy with fewer side effects than antibiotics. To explore metabolite candidates, we applied a metabolomics approach to investigate th...

UNLABELLED CodY is a branched-chain amino acid-responsive transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of several dozen transcription units in Bacillus subtilis. The presence of isoleucine, valine, and leucine in the growth medium is essential for achieving high activity of CodY and for efficient regulation of the target genes. We identified three permeases-BcaP, BraB, and BrnQ-that a...

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) interactions on their utilization by growing pigs and the effects of excessive amounts of BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) on the utilization of methionine. A semipurified diet containing 100 g crude protein/kg with a balanced amino acid pattern was prepared using casein supplemented with free amino aci...

The biosynthetic pathway of capsinoid in 'CH-19 Sweet' was investigated. [(3)H]Valine and [(14)C]phenylalanine were injected into the fruits of the intact plant. Both of radioactivities were detected in capsinoid fractions. (14)C radioactivity was observed in phenylpropanoid compounds, and in vanillin, vanillylamine, vanillyl alcohol, and vanillic acid. We confirmed that capsinoid is biosynthes...

the formation constants (log k), of the complexes formed between a number of amino acids(glycine , l-valine and l-alanine) with p-sulfonatocalix [4] arene at varying temperatures (25± 0.1to 65 ± 0.1 °c) in aqueous solutions and at natural ph of p-sulphonato-calix [4] arene (ph=3.2) bymeans of uv-vis spectrophotometeric technique have been investigated. at this ph the guestmolecule is in its cat...

The hemolytic lectin CEL-III and its site-directed mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Replacement of the valine clusters in domain 3 with alanine residues led to increased self-oligomerization in solution and higher hemolytic activity. The results suggest the involvement of these valine clusters in CEL-III oligomerization and hemolytic activity.

Alanine release by rat diaphragm muscle in vitro is stimulated by glutamate, valine, leucine and glucose. The stimulation by glutamate and valine (but not leucine) is inhibited by 3-mercaptopicolinate. These results suggest a metabolic route involving phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which directs amino acid carbon skeletons towards pyruvate synthesis for alanine formation.