BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening disorder marked by the presence of endothelial injury and microvascular thrombi. Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DI-TMA) is one specific TMA syndrome that occurs following drug exposure via drug-dependent antibodies or direct tissue toxicity. Common examples include calcineurin inhibitors Tacrolimus an...

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanism of action of valproic acid on hepatic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into endodermal cells in the presence of activin A and then into hepatic progenitor cells using dimethyl sulfoxide. Hepatic progenitor cells were ma...

Ex vivo amplification of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) without loss of their self-renewing potential represents an important target for transplantation, gene and cellular therapies. Valproic acid is a safe and widely used neurologic agent that acts as a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase activities. Here, we show that valproic acid addition to liquid cultures of human CD34+ cells is...

Introduction Larynx cancer is the most common head and neck neoplasia in developed nations. The treatment of advanced larynx cancer include chemotherapy, often using cisplatin. The limitations of many antineoplastic drugs are their low delivery into respiratory tissues, thus the need of higher doses which results in severe side effects, and the development of drug resistance by cancer cells. Th...

VPA: valproic acid INTRODUCTION Valproic acid (VPA), a widely used antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizer, has myriad cutaneous side effects including transient alopecia, exanthems, and vasculitides. We report on a patient who, in the setting of VPA use, presented with nail nonadherence secondary to sterile matrix scarring and propose nail bed excisionwith sterile matrix grafting as a surgical ...

Valproic acid is useful for absence, myoclonic, and grand ma1 seizures and adjunctively for mixed seizures [31. The drug has been well tolerated in most patients, but vomiting, rashes, hair loss, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia have been observed. Seven patients have developed hepatitis, which was fatal in 6 151. We recently treated a child who developed pancreatitis in direct association with...

Valproic acid can be determined by gas-chromatography as the free acid after its extraction (1 ) or derivatization to form methyl, butyl, or phenacyl estars (2-4), the latter methods being more complicated for routine analyses. Other procedures, such as enzyme immunoassay (Syva Co., Palo Alto, CA 94304) or fluoroimmunoassay (Miles Inc., Elkhart, IN 46515), which do not require serum extraction,...

A 42-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a history of complex partial seizures developed severe anemia after the addition of valproic acid to his stable antiretroviral regimen of zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir. The inhibition of zidovudine glucuronidation by valproic acid and the resultant zidovudine hematologic toxicity is the proposed mechanism of the inte...

BACKGROUND Epigenetic programming, dynamically regulated by histone acetylation, is a key mechanism regulating cell proliferation and survival. Little is known about the contribution of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, a condition characterized by profound structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries and arterioles. METHODS AND RESULTS ...

INTRODUCTION Valproic acid is an effective first line drug for the treatment of epilepsy. Hepatotoxicity is a rare and potentially fatal adverse reaction for this medicine. OBJECTIVE Firstly to characterise valproic acid reports on children with fatal outcome and secondly to determine reporting over time of hepatotoxicity with fatal outcome. METHODS Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) fo...