The indifference valuation problem in incomplete binomial models is analyzed. The model is general in that the stochastic factor which generates the marlet incompleteness may affect the transition propabilities and/or the values of the traded asset as well as the claim’s payoff. Two pricing algorithms are constructed which use, respectively, the minimal martingale and minimal entropy measures. ...

In the online shopping process, when potential consumers recognize a need for some merchandise or service, they go to the Internet and search for need-related information. This study aims to investigate the impact of perceived value on customer intention to use the internet is an effective tool for E-Shopping and, more specifically, the impact that perceived value (comprising functional, social...

At present, there appears to be no qualitative dependent model that can simultaneously account for data sets in which the variable of interest is potentially ordered but also has strong heterogeneity of the observed outcomes. This heterogeneity of particular outcomes, inherently attracts individuals to them, in addition to that determined by the individual’s observed characteristics. An example...

Let (Y, d) be a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of closed shrinking Ricci solitons with uniformly upper bounded diameter and lower bounded volume. We prove that off a closed subset of codimension at least 2, Y is a smooth manifold satisfying a shrinking Ricci soliton equation.

We describe a general framework for testing neutral theory. We summarize similarities and differences between ten different versions of neutral theory. Two central predictions of neutral theory are that species abundance distributions will follow a zero-sum multinomial distribution and that community composition will change over space due to dispersal limitation. We review all published empiric...

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the properties of the space R of distributions with discontinuous test functions of several variables. The consideration of the discontinuous test functions allows us to define the correct operations (i.e., the operations which are defined everywhere, continuous and coincident with the ordinary ones for the regular distributions) of integrati...

BACKGROUND The theory has been put forward that if a null hypothesis is true, P-values should follow a Uniform distribution. This can be used to check the validity of randomisation. METHOD The theory was tested by simulation for two sample t tests for data from a Normal distribution and a Lognormal distribution, for two sample t tests which are not independent, and for chi-squared and Fisher'...

Optimal sex allocation theory is one of the most intricately developed areas of evolutionary ecology. Under a range of conditions, particularly under population sub-division, selection favours sex being allocated to offspring non-randomly, generating non-binomial variances of offspring group sex ratios. Detecting non-binomial sex allocation is complicated by stochastic developmental mortality, ...

In modeling evolutionary genetics, it is often assumed that mutational effects are assigned according to a continuous probability distribution, and multiple distributions have been used with varying degrees of justification. For mutations with beneficial effects, the distribution currently favored is the exponential distribution, in part because it can be justified in terms of extreme value the...

To design complex networks to minimize traffic congestion, it is necessary to understand how traffic flow depends on network structure. We study data packet flow on complex networks, where the packet delivery capacity of each node is not fixed. The optimal configuration of capacities to minimize traffic congestion is derived and the critical packet generating rate is determined, below which the...