Linoleic, oleic, and stearic fatty acids, presented vapor-phase retronasally, were discriminable from blanks and each other, but the same concentrations, oral-cavity-only (OCO), were not discriminable from blanks. It remained possible that higher concentrations might be discriminable OCO. To evaluate this, participants attempted to discriminate undiluted linoleic, oleic, or stearic acids, vapor...

Equilibria of distribution of amino acid side chains, between their dilute aqueous solutions and the vapor phase at 25 degrees C, have been determined by dynamic vapor pressure measurements. After correction to pH 7, the resulting scale of "hydration potentials", or free energies of transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution, spans a range of approximately 22 kcal/mol. The side c...

Molecular sensing based on plasmonic materials is of great interest not only for basic scientific research but also real-life applications. For sensing, tunable hot-spot generation, in which the electromagnetic field maximized, plays a key role. Herein, we developed platform consisting thermoresponsive polymer brush with colloidal particles and 3-D ordered/vertically aligned gold nanorod (AuNR)...

Low-cost, flexible and thin display technology is becoming an interesting field of research as it can accompany the wide range sensors being developed. Here, synthesis poly(dimethylpropylene-dioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Me2) by combining vapor phase polymerization screen printing presented. A multilayer architecture using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) PProDOT-Me2 to allow for electrochro...

When a fluid with a bulk liquid-vapor critical point is placed inside a static external field with spatial periodic oscillations in one direction, a new phase arises. This new phase-the so-called "zebra" phase-is characterized by an average density roughly between that of the liquid and vapor phases. The presence of the zebra phase gives rise to two new phase transitions: one from the vapor to ...

condensing flows in nozzles and fixed blades of steam turbine have always been the subject of many studies.in such flows, existence of liquid phase in vapor changes the nature of the flow. the major of changes are due to four main mechanisms included nucleation, droplet growth, coalescence and breakage of droplets. in this paper,the effects of coalescence process between droplets have been inve...