Due to climate change and human activities over the last fifty years, the spring flow volume of karst groundwater has sharply diminished in China. Climate change is one of the critical factors that initiates a series of karst hydrogeologic and water ecological environmental problems, because the precipitation shows a decreasing trend while the temperature shows an increasing trend. The Jinci Sp...

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are associated with high incidence of early-onset malignancies, and somatic mutations occur in 20-40% of all breast cancer cases. We investigated the association of common genetic variation in TP53 and its flanking genes, WDR79 and ATP1B2, with risk for breast cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a re-sequence analysis...

Aim To examine the global pattern of the net primary production (NPP)/gross primary production (GPP) ratio of the Earth’s land area along geographical and climatic gradients. Location The global planetary ecosystem. Methods The 4-year average annual NPP/GPP ratio of the Earth’s land area was calculated using 2000–03 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The global pattern ...

Detailed understanding of a possible decoupling between climatic drivers of plant productivity and the response of ecosystems vegetation is required. We compared trends in six NDVI metrics (1982-2010) derived from the GIMMS3g dataset with modelled biomass productivity and assessed uncertainty in trend estimates. Annual total biomass weight (TBW) was calculated with the LINPAC model. Trends were...

this paper has examined the phenomenon of convergence of per capita out put levels across the ic countries for the 1960-1998 periods. three concepts of convergence, i.e., sigma beta and relative beta, have been used. the estimated beta values reveals only a very weak convergence (?=.0014) across ic for 1960-1998 period. but when a more homogeneous group of countries were selected, the results s...

This paper has examined the phenomenon of convergence of per capita out put levels across the IC countries for the 1960-1998 periods. Three concepts of convergence, i.e., sigma beta and relative beta, have been used. The estimated beta values reveals only a very weak convergence (?=.0014) across IC for 1960-1998 period. But when a more homogeneous group of countries were selected, the results s...

0. Introduction Semantic changes have been scientifically studied for more than 150 years (Ner-lich 1992). All along this history, successive generations of scholars have adopted at least three different theoretical frameworks (Magué 2005). Chronologically, the first trend focused on the identification of the different kinds of semantic changes a lexeme can undergo. This taxonomist trend culmin...

We decompose the term structure of expected equity returns into (1) the real short rate, (2) a premium for holding real long-term bonds, or the real duration premium, the excess returns of nominal long-term bonds over real bonds which reflects (3) expected inflation and (4) inflation risk, and (5) a real cashflow risk premium, which is the excess return of equity over nominal bonds. The shape o...

Gene expression datasets are complicated and have multiple sources of biological and technical variation. These datasets have recently become more complex as it is now feasible to assay gene expression from the same individual in multiple tissues or at multiple time points. The variancePartition package implements a statistical method to quantify the contribution of multiple sources of variatio...