The U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) of 1970 was meant to strengthen intellectual property protection for plant breeders. A model of investment under partial excludability is developed, leading to the hypotheses that any increase in excludability or appropriability of the returns to invention, attributable to the PVPA, would lead to increases in investment or efficiency gains in varieta...

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is an important berry crop worldwide due to its flavourful taste, and high content of nutrients and health-beneficial phytochemicals. Derived from interspecific hybridization of the octoploids F. virginiana and F. chiloensis, a vast number of strawberry varieties have been developed adopted to varying growth environments, and in order to mee...

Genealogical data have been used very widely to construct indices with which to examine the contribution of plant breeding programmes to the maintenance and enhancement of genetic resources. In this paper we use such indices to examine changes in the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop in England and Wales between 1923 and 1995. We find that, except for one period characterized by the do...

In intonation languages, the realization of pitch accents varies with the application of phonetic e!ects such as &&truncation'' and &&compression''. These e!ects can change the surface form of accents but do not a!ect the inventory of phonological contrasts. Cross-linguistic di!erences in the application of truncation and compression have been attested for the standard varieties of English and ...

Composition of Loureiro and Alvarinho wines from the Vinhos Verdes region, respecting free volatile compounds as well as glycosidically bound aroma precursors, was exhaustively determined by GC-MS after adsorption on XAD-2 resin. On the whole, were identified and quantified 120 volatile compounds in the free fraction and 77 glycosidically bound compounds, belonging to C6-compounds, alcohols, fa...

Over the last new decade, there has been a strong interest in landraces and historical wheat varieties from farmers, manufacturers consumers. They are agronomically nutritionally interesting but supply chain (from seed to end-product) is not solid traceable. High molecular weight glutenins (HMW-GS) can act as markers trace varietal correspondence verify genetic purity of grain consequently flou...

Attribute based encryption (ABE) is a good way to achieve flexible and secure access control to data, and attribute revocation is the extension of the attribute-based encryption, and the keyword search is an indispensable part for cloud storage. The combination of both has an important application in the cloud storage. In this paper, we construct a searchable attribute-based encryption scheme w...

Consumers continuously report a lack of taste in many apricot cultivars currently available on the market, highlighting necessity renewing varietal landscape grown worldwide. Sugars and acids content largely affect sweetness aroma perception, being an important driving factor consumers’ preferences purchase. In this work, large germplasm collection 164 accessions was evaluated for several fruit...

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of Naomi poinsettia variety and its varietal description applying guidelines Union for Protection New Varieties Plants (UPOV).Design/Methodology/Approach: The was generated through following methods: plant genetic hybridization, individual selection, use grafting technique. based on document (UPOV). A completely randomized experimentaldesign with 10 replicati...

avo analysis is a technique which is widely used in industry and is applied on seismic prestack data. results from changes in seismic wave reflection amplitude versus offset can be used in extracting elastic properties and hence lithology and reservoirs pore fluid identification. before performing avo analysis studies, processing steps should be ensured that changes in reflection amplitude are ...