Given the multitude of novel anticancer drugs and the limited resources available to study them, phase II trials should identify drugs with the highest probability of succeeding in subsequent phase III trials. Currently, single-arm phase II trial results are interpreted relative to historical control subjects, introducing selection bias and confounding that may limit the validity of the conclus...

OBJECTIVE To validate the Archimedes model of diabetes and its complications for a variety of populations, organ systems, treatments, and outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We simulated a variety of randomized controlled trials by repeating in the model the steps taken for the real trials and comparing the results calculated by the model with the results of the trial. Eighteen trials were ...

In combination with randomization, blinding or masking is an important factor in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), particularly in trials that assess therapeutic effects. Here an attempt is made to explain blindness and why it is important. In clinical trials, blinding is defined as the condition imposed on a study in which study participants, health care providers and assessors collecting o...

approximately 25% of all oral cavity carcinomas involve the lips, and the primary management of these lesions is complete surgical resection. loss of tissue in the lips after resection is treated with a variety of techniques, depending on the extension and location of the defect. here we review highly accepted techniques of lip reconstruction and some of new trials with significant clinical res...

introduction: most physicians consider abstracts to give a general idea about the full text of an article. abstracts, as summative and informative parts, contain main information of papers. they also point out the content of papers to readers. the importance of abstracts leads journals to be stricter about their structure and content. this study aimed to assess the abstracts of randomized contr...

abstract background: acute bronchiolitis is the most common form of lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. there are numerous contradictory reports regarding the efficacy of nebulized bronchodilators in the management of infants with acute bronchiolitis. this study was designed to compare the efficacy of nebulized epinephrine with salbutamol for treatment of the disease. methods: in a ra...

A novel interfascial plane block, erector spinae (ESP) has been utilized for postoperative pain management in a variety of surgical procedures as well relief acute and chronic pain. As this is relatively newer technique, there paucity literature, most knowledge stems from case reports small randomized trials.

Microemulsões de água em óleo (ME w/o) constituídas de água, óleo de soja, SDS (dodecil sulfato de sódio) e diversos álcoois de cadeia curta foram caracterizadas sob o ponto de vista físico-químico e de propriedades eletroanalíticas. Foram testados diferentes co-surfactantes e razões surfactante:cosurfactante, sendo a ME com a composição mais favorável utilizada para estudar a cinética de proce...