Reliable and accurate measurements serve as the basis for evaluation in many scientific disciplines. Issues related to reliable and accurate measurement have evolved over many decades, dating back to the 19th century and the pioneering work of Galton (1886), Pearson (1896, 1899, 1901) and Fisher (1925). Requiring a new measurement to be identical to the truth is often impractical, either becaus...

Contributor Role Ontologies and Taxonomies (CROTs) are standard vocabularies to describe individual contributions a scholarly project or research output. Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) is one of the most widely used CROTs, has been adopted by numerous journals author's contributions, recently formalized as ANSI/NISO standard. Despite these developments, there still much work left be done improve how C...

Systems biology and synthetic biology have emerged at the dawn of the twenty-first century as two new research fields that hold much promise for both understanding living systems and novel practical applications. The two disciplines have much in common, not least that the scientists working within their respective frameworks share the conviction that organisms are made of partially independent ...

gamma-scintigraphy is applied extensively in the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical delivery systems, particularly for monitoring formulations in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. the radiolabelling is generally achieved by the incorporation of an appropriate radionuclide such as technetium-99m or indium-111 into the formulation or by addition of a non-radioactive isotope s...

How do we define ourselves as humans and interact with our various environments? Recently, neuroscience has extended into other disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, questioning the existence of distinct disciplines like anthropology, which describes the relationship between humans and their various environments. However, rather than being incorporated into neuroscience, anthropolo...

The success of research in integrated environmental and natural resource management relies on the participation and involvement of different disciplines and stakeholders. This can be difficult to achieve in practice because many initiatives fail to address the underlying social processes required for successful engagement and social learning. We used an action research approach to support a res...

The possibility of developing a machine that would “think” has intrigued human beings since ancient times. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems comprise two major areas, expert systems (ES) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The major objective of this paper is to illustrate how artificial intelligence techniques might play an important role in modelling and prediction of the performance of...

Knowledge management (KM) is a multidisciplinary subject, with contributions from such disciplines as information systems (IS) and information technology (IT), strategic management, organizational theory, human-resource management, education science, psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. In order to take full advantage of these various contributions, the necessity of a mul...

The goal of scheduling is to reduce mean delay for free! By simply serving jobs in the “right order,” we can often reduce mean delay by an order of magnitude, without requiring the purchase of additional resources. How can this be? What is the “right order” in which jobs should be scheduled? The answer depends on parameters of the system being scheduled, like load and the job size distribution....

there are instances in which it is desirable to determine relationships among fruit physical attributes. for example, fruits are often graded on the basis of size and projected area, but it may be more suitable and/or economical to develop a machine which grades by mass. therefore, a relationship between mass and dimensions or projected areas and/ or volume of fruits is needed. various grad...