Monetary policy-makers face a difficult task when evaluating the current state of the economy and deciding what actions are needed to achieve their objectives, such as keeping inflation within a given range. Because long and variable lags exist between a monetary policy action and its effects on economic variables, policy-makers need a way to assess whether their actions are having, or indeed w...

Digital data hiding is a technology being developed for multimedia services, where significant amounts of secure data is invisibly hidden inside a host data source by the owner, for retrieval only by those authorized. The hidden data should be recoverable even after the host has undergone standard transformations, such as compression. In this paper, we present a source and channel coding framew...

Digital data hiding is a technology being developed for multimedia services, where non-trivial amounts of signature data is invisibly hidden inside a host data source by the owner before the latter is freely distributed. Only those authorized can recover the hidden data from the host, even after the latter has undergone standard transformations such as compression. In this work we adopt a quant...

the present study is an attempt to explore any significant relationships between learners’ preferences for error correction, demotivation, and language proficiency (lp). one hundred iranian efl students, including both males and females, studying at the departments of foreign languages of shahid bahonar university of kerman and tehran university took part in this study. in order to obtain the r...

In this paper, we introduce a new detection algorithm for large-scale wireless systems, referred to as post sparse error detection (PSED) algorithm, that employs a sparse error recovery algorithm to refine the estimate of a symbol vector obtained by the conventional linear detector. The PSED algorithm operates in two steps: 1) sparse transformation converting the original non-sparse system into...

the effect of symmetric (non-symmetric) foreign exchange rate shocks on iranian agricultural import and exports was explored throughout the current research.. time series of 1973-2007 along with hodrick and prescott filter method were employed. the results as obtained through vector error correction and johnson model indicated that positive (negative) shocks introduce positive (negative) effect...

This paper describes the POSTECH grammatical error correction system. Various methods are proposed to correct errors such as rule-based, probability n-gram vector approaches and router-based approach. Google N-gram count corpus is used mainly as the correction resource. Correction candidates are extracted from NUCLE training data and each candidate is evaluated with development data to extract ...