Macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are commonly prescribed for upper respiratory infection, and their use has recently been further linked to immunomodulatory effects. With the widespread and expanded use of macrolides, special attention should be paid to their potential adverse effects. We reported two cases of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who devel...

OBJECTIVE To present a case with nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) developing astasia and optic neuropathy as major sequelae. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 47-year-old woman developed WE following operation for pyloric stenosis. She received total parenteral nutrition before and after operation, but on the second postoperative day she developed visual hallucination and co...

Zero-Shot Action Recognition (ZSAR) aims to recognize video actions that have never been seen during training. Most existing methods assume a shared semantic space between and unseen intend directly learn mapping from visual the space. This approach has challenged by gap paper presents novel method uses object semantics as privileged information narrow and, hence, effectively, assist learning. ...

A resurgence of interest in inner speech as a core feature of human experience has not yet coincided with methodological progress in the empirical study of the phenomenon. The present article reports the development and psychometric validation of a novel instrument, the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ), designed to assess the phenomenological properties of inner speech along dimen...

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) can develop after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA); however, the neural mechanisms remain unknown. Sensory deprivation and releasing phenomenon are both hypothetical explanations for this condition; however, there is no definite evidence that strongly supports either supposition. We report the first case of CBS after TSA without optic nerve atrophy. Postoperativ...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can produce a variety of visual symptoms. Among these, hallucinations are rare and usually accompanied by loss. We encountered 79-year-old female with GCA who presented without Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the head revealed stroke in right frontal lobe, probably caused GCA, resulting hallucinations. Visual not well recognized clinicians as presentation GCA. Howeve...

We can learn much about perceptual experience by thinking about how it can mislead us. In this paper, I explore whether, and how, olfactory experience can mislead. I argue that, in the case of olfactory experience, the traditional distinction between illusion and hallucination does not apply. Integral to the traditional distinction is a notion of ‘object-failure’—the failure of an experience to...

Hallucinations are common as psychiatric symptoms in the treatment course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The majority of them are considered to be associated with both antiparkinson drugs and the disease process itself. Visual hallucination (VH) and delusion of persecution are very common, while olfactory or somatic hallucination (SH) is less common. The author reports an elderly female patient w...