Operation of an X-ray spectrometer based on a spherical variable-line-spacing (VLS) grating is analyzed using dedicated ray-tracing software allowing fast optimization of the grating parameters and spectrometer geometry. The analysis is illustrated with optical design of a model spectrometer to deliver a resolving power above 20400 at a photon energy of 930 eV (Cu L-edge). With this energy take...

BACKGROUND Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) is newer technology that measures real-time tissue oxygenation. It has been validated in detecting mucosal ischemia in adults. During complex neonatal heart surgery, antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) maintains cerebral saturation. Whether ACP maintains peripheral tissue perfusion in humans is not known. METHODS Five patients undergoing neonatal ope...

Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS) is a rare and distinct clinical syndrome that usually affects young men. VLS leads to severe progressive dyspnea and is characterized by extensive, asymmetric, peripheral, and predominantly upper lobe giant lung bullae. Case reports have suggested an additive role of marijuana use in the development of this disease in young male tobacco smokers. We herein report a ...

To cite: Khasawneh FA, Nakhla EN, Karim A, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2013-201016 DESCRIPTION A 44-year-old male smoker presented with acute shortness of breath. The patient’s vital signs were stable and his oxygen saturation was 87% at room air. A chest X-ray (CXR) showed bilateral apical hyperlucencies diagnosed as bilateral spontane...

Information extraction and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of buildings using the vehicle-borne laser scanning (VLS) system is significant for many applications. Extracting LiDAR points, from VLS, belonging to various types of building in large-scale complex urban environments still retains some problems. In this paper, a new technical framework for automatic and efficient building point ...

In terms of technical usability, the field of visual language specification has achieved a lot of progress since research into “syntactical pattern recognition” started. Several specification methods have been proposed and have proven useful in practical applications. This progress, however, came at a certain price. VL specification is now faced with a Babel of different formalisms that are ver...

Preparation of nanomaterials with various morphologies and exploiting their novel physical properties are of vital importance in nanoscientific field. Similarly to the III-N compound semiconductors, Si3N4 nanostructures also could be potentially used for making optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we report on an improved Fe-catalyzed chemical vapour deposition method for synthesizing ultra-l...

The new β2 Adrenoceptor (β2AR) crystal structures provide a high-resolution snapshot of receptor interactions with two particular partial inverse agonists, (−)-carazolol and timolol. However, both experimental and computational studies of GPCR structure are significantly complicated by the existence of multiple conformational states coupled to ligand type and receptor activity. Agonists and ant...

Although the clean Si(0 0 1) and Ge(0 0 1) surfaces are very similar, experiments to date have shown that dimervacancy (DV) defects self-organize into vacancy lines (VLs) on Si(0 0 1), but not on Ge(0 0 1). In this paper, we perform empirical-potential calculations aimed at understanding the differences between the vacancies on Si(0 0 1) and Ge(0 0 1). We identify three energetic parameters whi...

Vulvar sclerosing lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a common chronic inflammatory, non-neoplastic skin lesion of the vulva. In addition to typical hypopigmentation and recurrent pruritus, it often associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety depression. Modern medicine believes that pathogenesis VLS mainly related an abnormal immune response, inflammation, promotion fibroblast growth activity,...