Insect diversity patterns of high mountain ecosystems remain poorly studied in the tropics. Sampling dung beetles of the subfamilies Aphodiinae, Scarabaeinae, and Geotrupinae was carried out at four volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) in the Mexican transition zone at 2,700 and 3,400 MASL, and on the windward and leeward sides. Sampling units represented a forest-shrubland-pastu...

the oligocene-miocene granitic rocks of deh siahan, part of central iranian volcanic belt, are intruded into eocene volcano-sedimentary complex where their contact is marked by albite-epidote hornblende hornfels facies and granitic apophyses. the granitic rocks show enhanced lil element abundances and low hfs/lil ratios. geochemical data, various trace element discriminant diagrams, enhanced y/...

Investigations have been undertaken to provide constraints on the nature of geochemically active processes in the mantle and their effects on mantle evolution and magma generation. Three types of approaches have been implemented: (1) To study isotopic systematics and trace element abundances in young, mantle-derived volcanic rocks, which, because of their tectonic setting, had little or no chan...