[Purpose] In patients with parkinsonism, the precise mechanism of impaired voluntary cough remains poorly understood. This study used the flow-volume curve to clarify whether disordered voluntary cough reflects the freezing phenomenon. [Subjects and Methods] Case 1 was a 58-year-old female who had been suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy-pure akinesia with gait freezing. Case 2 was a ...

As an essential part of patient safety, pharmacovigilance is of worldwide interest and should expand its scope and focus on new emerging issues. South Korea has been making continuous efforts in the field of pharmacovigilance for the last 3 decades since voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting system was first launched in 1988. Korea joined the World Health Organization Program for Inte...

INTRODUCTION Volunteer blood donors account for less than half of the blood supply in developing countries; and few countries have mobilized efforts to encourage voluntary blood donation (VBD). The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and blood donation practices among adults in a state in Northern Nigeria. METHODS Descriptive cross sectional study using multistage sampling ...

A voluntary compliance program for occupational health and safety management, Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP), was implemented with a strategy of cooperation and encouragement in Taiwan. Due to limitations on increasing the human forces of inspection, a regulatory-based guideline addressing the essence of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) was promulgated, which combi...

BACKGROUND Depending on the level and severity of the sensorimotor impairment in individuals with a spinal cord injury, the subsequent reduced seated postural stability and strength generating-capacity at the upper limbs could affect performance during sitting pivot transfer. This study aimed to determine the effects of sensorimotor impairments on head, trunk and upper limb movement and efforts...

CONTEXT Animal models can be used to investigate manual therapy mechanisms, but testing manipulation in animal models is problematic because animals cannot directly report their pain. OBJECTIVE To develop a rat model of inflammatory joint injury to test the efficacy of manual therapy in reducing nociception and restoring function. METHODS The authors induced acute inflammatory joint injury ...

Abstract We measure the economic impact of varietal improvement and technological change in flue-cured tobacco across quantity (e.g., yield) quality dimensions under a voluntary constraint. Since 1961, breeders United States have been subject to Minimum Standards Program that sets limits on acceptable characteristics for commercial varieties. implement Bayesian hierarchical model contribution b...

Industry-wide voluntary agreements are touted as a means for corporations to take more corporate social responsibility (CSR). We study what type of joint CSR agreement induces firms increase efforts in model oligopolistic competition with differentiated products. Consumers have willingness pay responsibly manufactured Firms driven by profit, and possibly intrinsic motivation, invest costly effo...

As the Service-oriented architecture paradigm has become ever more popular, different standardization efforts have been proposed by various consortia to enable interaction among heterogeneous environments through this paradigm. This chapter will overview the most prevalent of these SOA Efforts. It will first show how technical services can be described, how they can interact with each other and...

In the winter of 2015 world leaders presented plans for keeping the global temperature rise below 2 °C due to projected climate change threats. These threats present organizations, communities, and citizens with the need to change viewing corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a voluntary luxury to being a necessity. This essay proposes refocusing CSR efforts in light of projected climate cha...