Safety nets have often been controversial instruments, condemned in some circles as short-term palliatives or even a waste of money. Much recent evidence shows that safety nets not only support poverty reduction but also economic growth. The existence of safety nets encourages adoption of higher income livelihood strategies that are associated with higher, but prudent, risk. Safety nets should ...

South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past 10 years, from less than one percent in 1990 to twenty percent in 2001 (UNDP 2002). As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people (approximately 12 percent of the population) were living with HIV/AIDS (Stei...

The increasing energy burden on vulnerable households is critical in modern cities, it crucial to understand how cities can characterize vulnerability and its relationship with the environment. This study modeled relationships between consumption built environmental factors compare determinants average energy-vulnerable households. While conventional approach of identifying often relies househo...

as cost of living rises and people’s wages / salaries do not cover their basic food and dietary needs, interest in parttime farming has risen. part-time farming activities are being practiced by different people as a food security strategy from vulnerable households. but these part-time farms have had limited success in providing food/nutrition security, increasing incomes and improving well-be...

Bringing about access to adequate housing remains a key challenge in South Africa. In 1997, it was estimated that 2.2 million households in South Africa were without adequate housing. It was further estimated that this figure would increase by 204 000 every year because of population growth, barring any effective intervention (Department of Housing 2000:2). The housing crisis has particularly d...

Identifying the influence factors lie behind livelihood choices of rural households are crucial significance for improving sustainable livelihoods in tourism regions. Five villages Sa Pa District, Vietnam, were selected this study, to conduct household surveys and interviews with 180 households. Based on this, a comprehensive approach, which includes multinomial/binary logistic regression, Ripl...

Social welfare aims to support financially vulnerable households by protecting them from financial shocks and providing with a basic standard of living. Many eligible households, however, do not take up social welfare. We present the results in-depth interviews 31 members in two large Dutch cities about their experiences examined role money lives, what inhibited taking welfare, how they sought ...