This paper provides a framework that links consumer efforts to commercial innovation. It seeks to answer the question why some firms are able to benefit from relations to their consumers. It proposes that (some) firms can improve their product development by organizing consumer communities and by relying on a critical mass of dedicated consumers. It shows how convergence between new technology ...

A pharmacodynamic model is presented to describe the motor effects (tapping rate, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] Part III, and investigator-rating of ON/OFF, including dyskinesia) of levodopa (LD) in patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with immediate-release (IR) carbidopa-levodopa (CD-LD) or an extended-release (ER) formulation of CD-LD (IPX066)...

THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXAMINE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON MOTOR TIMING: personal, maximum and "once per second" tapping. The acute effect was examined by comparing the baseline tapping with that after acute exercise in 9 amateur athletes, 8 elite synchronous swimmers and 9 elite biathletes. Then the baseline tapping was compared among athletes of different sports and professional levels (15 el...

Any task is carried out more successfully if we allocate undivided attention to it, but as demands on attentional capacity increase-for example, in concurrent or dual task conditions-performance on attended tasks becomes more impaired. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired performance on tasks requiring high levels of attentional capacity. This study examines performance of 11 patients with...

BACKGROUND The deep tendon reflex assessments that are essential to the accurate diagnosis of neurological or neuromuscular disorders are conducted subjectively in clinical neurology. Our aim was to assess deep tendon reflexes objectively with a new reflex quantification method. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study used a motion analysis technique to collect quantitative measureme...