Variable warfarin response during treatment initiation poses a significant challenge to providing optimal anticoagulation therapy. We investigated the determinants of initial warfarin response in a cohort of 167 patients. During the first nine days of treatment with pharmacogenetics-guided dosing, S-warfarin plasma levels and international normalized ratio were obtained to serve as inputs to a ...

BACKGROUND While venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncommon, its incidence is increasing in children. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcome of pediatric VTE cases at a single tertiary hospital in Korea. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of consecutive pediatric VTE patients admitted to the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between April ...

Anticoagulants are medications that administered to patients with clotting issues. Major issues include atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism/deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. However, recent studies show the increased use of these in treatment management COVID-19. This paper has been designed as a systematic Literature review based on PRISMA strategy. Data were collected by c...

Tools for Practice articles in Canadian Family Physician (CFP) are adapted from articles published on the Alberta College of Family Physicians (ACFP) website, summarizing medical evidence with a focus on topical issues and practice-modifying information. The ACFP summaries and the series in CFP are coordinated by Dr G. Michael Allan, and the summaries are co-authored by at least 1 practising fa...

the mean percentage of cryptogenic strokes among ischemic strokes is 31%, of which one-third may be associated with patent foramen ovale. the foramen ovale is required for blood flow through the fetal atrial septum.  it is formed as of the fourth week of gestation, and this leads to right-left interatrial shunt that allows the passage of oxygenated blood to systemic circulation. in 75% of cases...

Pharmacological prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is primarily focussed on thrombin inhibitors, mainly, cumarins (warfarin), low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and, more recently, new, direct acting oral anticoagulants (NOAC). However, there may also be a role for aspirin. Several large, though mostly nonrandomized trials in patients undergoing joint surgery (hip, knee) do suggest th...

Antithrombotics have been shown to decrease the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However they are associated with an increased risk of bleeding. We assessed the frequency and appropriateness of antithrombotic therapy in patients admitted to our service with stroke and AF. A retrospective case study of 219 patients (mean age 77.2 years) admitted between January 1999 and ...

INTRODUCTION Atrial fi brillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is encountered in clinical practice with ever-increasing frequency.1 Older data suggest that the lifetime risk of AF in men and women older than 40 years of age is approximately one in four.2 The prevalence of AF has most likely increased due to the aging of the “baby-boomers” (AF is overwhelmingly a disease of age) and...

Warfarin sodium is an effective oral anticoagulant drug. However, warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window with significant risks of hemorrhage at therapeutic concentrations. Dosing is difficult and requires frequent monitoring. New oral anticoagulant agents are required to improve current anticoagulant therapy. Furthermore, while warfarin is effective in venous disease, it does not provide mor...

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) may be complicated by thromboembolism, which occasionally manifests as stroke. Although the optimal, standardized approach to the prophylaxis and management of thromboembolic complications associated with NS has not been established, anticoagulation with heparin and subsequent warfarin is the de facto standard of treatment. Dabigatran, a novel direct thrombin inhibitor, ...