Although the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has an established predilection for disseminated infection during pregnancy that often results in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, the specific host-pathogen interaction that dictates these disastrous complications remain incompletely defined. Herein, we demonstrate systemic maternal Listeria infection during pregnancy fractures fet...

Mammalian pregnancy requires protection against immunological rejection of the developing fetus bearing discordant paternal antigens. Immune evasion in this developmental context entails silenced expression of chemoattractant proteins (chemokines), thereby preventing harmful immune cells from penetrating the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we demonstrate that fetal wastage triggered by prenatal...

Information on the level of foetal wastage in slaughtered cattle in Tanzania is limited. A three-month observational study (April - June 2014) of animals slaughtered at the Tanga abattoir in Tanga region, Tanzania was carried out to determine the number of pregnant cows slaughtered. The total number of cattle slaughtered during the study period was 3643, representing a monthly kill average of 1...

OBJECTIVES To report 2-years experience of using transfusion-related quality indicators as a tool in hemovigilance system implementation.  METHODS The study was carried out between 2012 and 2013. Blood transfusion service data were prospectively collected at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Donor reactions, transfusion reactions, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in-date wast...

A Broadband Wireless Access technology known as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is based on IEEE 802.16 standards. It uses orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses (OFDMA) as one of its multiple access technique. Major design factors of OFDMA resource allocation are scheduling and burst allocation. To calculate the appropriate dimensions and location of each user’...

BACKGROUND Between June-October 2012, 61 flight-medic-directed transfusions took place aboard U.S. Army Medical Evacuation (medevac) helicopters in Afghanistan. This represents the initial experience for pre-hospital blood product transfusion by U.S. Army flight medics. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of clinical records, operating guidelines, after-action reviews, decision and in...

In code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes are used to allocate vacant codes when new calls arrive. In this paper, integration is done for allocation of OVSF codes when a quantized or non-quantized call arrives, and further, the voice calls and data calls are treated differently as former are delay sensitive and later can be stored in buffer. Voic...

There is a broad consensus in literature that private households are significant contributors to the total amount of food waste in the EU. Thus, any strategy to meaningfully combat food wastage must put the end consumer in the center of prevention activities. This requires deeper insights into people’s motivations to discard still edible food and knowledge about potential barriers to reduce was...

In unstructured peer-to-peer networks, the analysis of scalability is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of churn rate. Specifically, in the P2P file sharing applications, peers join and leave the overlay network in a dynamic fashion increase the complexity of the network and leads to a huge wastage of bandwidth during the search for a particular file. In this paper, we proposed...

Background: In the present study the amount of requested blood products in major departments of Imam Reza Medical Center, Kermanshah, Iran has been studied to evaluate the necessity of these requests and also the amount of blood products wastage because of unnecessary requests. Materials and Methods: In the present study the information related to 4832 unit of requested blood products from Ira...