A quantitative microbial risk analysis-Monte Carlo method was used to estimate norovirus and Ascaris infection risks to urban farmers in developing countries watering their crops with wastewater. For a tolerable additional disease burden of <or=10(-4) DALY loss per person per year (pppy), equivalent to 1 percent of the diarrhoeal disease burden in developing countries, a norovirus reduction of ...

Maturation ponds are used in rural and regional areas in Australia to remove the microbial loads of sewage wastewater, however, they have not been studied intensively until present. Using a combination of culture-based methods and quantitative real-time PCR, we assessed microbial removal rates in maturation ponds at four waste stabilization ponds (WSP) with (n = 1) and without (n = 3) baffles i...

Selection of sewage treatment systems for protecting water resources within a watershed is complex problem. It involves environmental, technological, operational and social aspects joint analysis associated with the systems, in addition to raw or treated final disposal receiving watercourses support capacities assessments. The present work proposes methodology that could help selection process ...

Emergy methodology questions were raised during a case study where a Sugar factory effluent were treated in a pond system in the Lake Victoria watershed, and evaluated from a performance, cost and resource use perspective. This paper focus on the methodological questions, which were the following: (1) how should the emergy systems diagram be drawn when dealing with a system that is in the recyc...

Nature-based, low technology wastewater treatment systems can benefit small and remote communities. Adding a constructed floating wetland (CFW) to waste stabilization ponds enhance efficacy at cost, depending on appropriate macrophytes. In cold climates, harsh growing conditions may limit CFW success, requiring research under-ambient field conditions. Seven native macrophytes were assessed for ...

The ecacy of the oxidation pond on the outskirts of the 10th of Ramadan, the main industrial city, in Egypt was examined. Samples of wastewater collected from the inlet and the outlet were screened for some priority pollutants. Acenaphthene and ̄uorene were the most frequently detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, while dimethyl phthalate was the most frequently detected phthalate ester. ...

A relevant and current aspect of wastewater treatment systems is related to the processes nitrogen cycle that results in its elimination gaseous forms. In present study, we report first measurements nitrate-reducing rate (NRR) at lab-scale, using flow-through reactor technique with sludge a sewage stabilization pond system located Patagonia (Argentina). Sludge was collected from Inlet Outlet ar...

Sugar-mill wastewaters have potential to support microalgal biomass production for use as a biofuel feedstock (lipid source). Growth kinetics, light dynamics, and lipid production in multispecies-microalgae cultures collected from a sugar-mill pond are reported in this paper. Lipid content of the microalgae collected from the pond water was 14.5 % (w/w). Culturing the same microalgae in a photo...

Wastewater treatment with stabilisation system ponds produce sludge which requires to be desludged after a certain time of accumulation. In developing countries, the reuse of sludge constitutes a large practice which constitutes a health risk that must be taken into account for a sustainable reuse strategic. One such risk is the dissemination of helminthiases. The aim of this study was to evalu...

Three types of ponds used for treating domestic wastewater in Burkina Faso in Soudano-sahelian climate, were monitored for sludge accumulation. After five and a half years of operation, the rates of sludge accumulation in the ponds were evaluated to 0.02; 0.009 and 0.007 m 3 /capita year respectively for the anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds. The corresponding rates of accumulation in...