Atmospheric aerosols play a very important role in atmospheric processes and have a major influence on the global climate. In this paper, we report results of a molecular dynamics study on the unique properties of organic-coated water droplets. In particular, we find that, for particles preferring an inverted micelle structure, the lower chain-chain interaction, with increasing radial distance ...

Understanding the interaction between soil, vegetation and atmosphere processes and groundwater dynamics is of paramount importance in water resources planning and management in many practical applications. Hydrological models of complex water resources systems need to include a number of components and should therefore seek a balance between capturing all relevant processes and maintaining dat...

the groundwater resources of the urmia plain have been under intensive tension for the last recent years. this has caused the production and observation wells to become dry and in some local places well deepening to take place. in some other locations, the groundwater level is high and there is a danger of local water logging condition along with its associated drainage work. for the settlement...

The results of four molecular dynamics simulations of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/water systems are reported. To investigate the origin of the hydration force we follow the experiments performed recently by McIntosh and Simon. We study the DPPClwater system in both the gel phase and the liquid crystalline phase at two different water contents, namely at 11 and 20.5 water moleculesflip...

Here, direct noninvasive neutron reflectivity measurements reveal the presence of a reduced (deuterated) water density region, with a sigmoidal density profile at the hydrophobic silane-water interface that depends on the type and concentration of dissolved gases in the water. Removal of dissolved gases decreases the width of the reduced water density region, and their reintroduction leads to i...

Introduction: Water ice and ilmenite both have unique dielectric responses that can be used to detect their concentration as a function of depth, noninvasively from the lunar surface. Electrical measurements at the surface can also be used to determine the density of the lunar regolith. Subsurface water ice may exist in permanently shadowed regions near the poles of the Moon [1-6]. The presence...

A new perturbation analysis is presented which provides a first approximation to the wave-current interaction. The model is shown to provide a good description of laboratory data provided by Swan, Cummins & James (2000) and of results from a numerical formulation. These comparisons confirm that the near-surface vorticity leads to an important modification of the dispersion relation. The results...

The structure of the niobium oxide on alumina surface was investigated for low loading (5 wt.-%) and high loading (19 wt.-%) samples. The TPD profile of water molecules showed the appearance of water adsorption sites other than those on alumina. The XANES and EXAFS spectra clearly showed that niobic acid-like species are formed on the surface of 19 wt.-% NbO,/Al,O,. The XANES spectra of 5 wt.-%...