Water has several unique physical and chemical properties that have influenced Life as it has evolved. Indeed the very concept of Life on the Earth is dependent on water supply. Although the total volume of fresh water on Earth is only a small fraction of that in the oceans, the biological and environmental role of freshwater systems is considerable. Environmental management of water systems (r...

One of the efficient factors in comprehensive development of an area is to provide water sources and on the other hand the appropriate management of them. Population growth and nourishment security for such a population necessitate the achievement of constant development besides the reforming of traditional management in order to increase the profit of sources; In this case, the constant exploi...

An experimental investigation on the effect of surfactant monolayers on the heat transfer through air/water and oil/water interfaces was carried out by observing the changes of surface temperature with IR Imaging Radiometer (Model 760). The heat transfer resistance of various single component and mixed monolayers at air/water and oil/water systems was studied. The results show that the surfacta...

heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. these equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

the present work is an experimental study of steady state convective heat transfer of de-ionized water with a (0.04% by volume) volume fraction of al2o3 nanoparticles dispersed to form a nanofluid that flows through an aluminium tube.laminar fully developed flow heat transfer coefficient of al2o3 nanoparticles are dispersed in water in circular tube is discussed in this paper. in order to valid...

one of the most important parameters essential in different water supplies, treatment, transfer and distribution projects, is water consumption per capita. but unfortunately in many cases, statistics and date available in texts or irrelevant samplings are used. varamin is a region located in south east of tehran. among the most important problems in this region, insufficiency of personnel prolo...

Heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. Related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. These equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. Heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

knowledge management is a process of using a source of strategic knowledge in organizations in order to find key information and organize and transfer it. many organizations adopted knowledge management systems to maintain their stability and usefulness. since there is occupational similarity between informatics experts and librarians, librarians can change to knowledge managers by being inform...

Hummingbirds represent an end point for small body size and water flux in vertebrates. We explored the role evaporative water loss (EWL) plays in management of their large water pool and its use in dissipating metabolic heat. We measured respiratory evaporative water loss (REWL) in hovering hummingbirds in the field (6 species) and over a range of speeds in a wind tunnel (1 species) using an op...