this study was performed  in second half of year 2009.for bird counting , monthly from septamber until march 2009. total counted birds in maroon lake were (971). maximum number of counted birds was in february  (191) and minimum of counted was in septamber (95). total counted birds in jaizan were (385. maximum number of the counted bird was in february (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in ja...

Breeding waterbird populations were studied in a boreal lake system between 1986 and 2012 to find out whether there are differences in temporal trends and spatial variation between waterfowl, grebe, diver and gull species. The study was based on censusing all waterbirds in a lake complex of 45.75 km of water area and 290 km of shoreline length (scale 1:20,000), and the results were compared wit...

The cloacal cestode Cloacotaenia megalops is one of the most common helminths of waterfowl. We investigated the effect of this parasite on the body condition of wintering waterfowl populations and compared prevalence among age-sex classes, over time and between habitat types on the upper Gulf Coast of Texas (USA) from October 1986-February 2000. Greater than 9,500 birds of 25 waterfowl species ...

In aquatic bird populations, the ability of avian influenza (AI) viruses to remain infectious in water for extended periods provides a mechanism that allows viral transmission to occur long after shedding birds have left the area. However, this also exposes other aquatic organisms, including freshwater invertebrates, to AI viruses. Previous researchers found that AI viral RNA can be sequestered...

In spite of increasing public health concerns about the potential risks associated with swimming in waters contaminated with waterfowl feces, little is known about the composition of the gut microbial community of aquatic birds. To address this, a gull 16S rRNA gene clone library was developed and analyzed to determine the identities of fecal bacteria. Analysis of 282 16S rRNA gene clones demon...