In the design of land-based or offshore wind turbines for ultimate limit states, long-term loads associated with return periods on the order of the service life (20 years, usually) must be estimated. This requires statistical extrapolation from turbine load data that may be obtained by simulation or by field tests. The present study illustrates such extrapolation that uses field data from the B...

Land-based activities, including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanisation, cause increased erosion, reduced inland and coastal water quality, and subsequent loss or degradation of downstream coastal marine ecosystems. Quantitative approaches to link sediment loads from catchments to metrics of downstream marine ecosystem state are required to calculate the cost effectiveness of taking conse...

Peculiarly cylindrical legs on offshore platforms constantly are exerted vigorously to wave stresses. For their lifetime, a test structural deformations and pressure measurements is taken. Experimental research the forces affecting structures presented. To determine distributions in altered cylinder's surface properties by applying hydrophobic coating. Hence, angle at which water drops hit has ...