Work function measurements on cross sectioned microcrystalline pin silicon solar cells deposited by Hot−Wire CVD are presented. The experiment is realized by combining a modified Kelvin probe experiment and a scanning force microscope. The measured surface potential revealed that the built−in electric drift field is weak in the middle of the compensated intrinsic layer. A graded donor distribut...

We report the performance of polythiophene/fullerene solar cells with a hole-collecting buffer layer that was made using composite films of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) and poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The MWCNT was functionalized with carboxyl groups to bestow solubility in a weak base solvent for mixing with PEDOT:PSS. Results sho...

We calculate the dynamical response of two-layer Josephson arrays to a bias current applied into only one layer (primary layer), in a perpendicular magnetic field. The pancake vortices in the two layers sometimes form into flux lines which move as a unit under the influence of the bias current. The lines break apart into independent pancakes in sufficiently high currents, sufficiently weak inte...

we start this article by rebuilding higher operads of weak higher transformations, and correct those in cite{cambat}. as in cite{cambat} we propose an operadic approach for weak higher $n$-transformations, for each $ninmathbb{n}$, where such weak higher $n$-transformations are seen as algebras for specific contractible higher operads. the last chapter of this article asserts that, up to precise...

In this paper, we consider a model problem introduced in [2], and derived from a coupled system of partial differential equation arising in the study of free convection about a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium. In [2], some existence result has been obtained under very constraining hypothesis. Here, we come back to the weak formulation of this problem, and prove that there is one...

The copper nitride surface characteristics according to atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) and excimer ultraviolet (EUV) treatment were compared using XPS and AFM. As the result of XPS analysis result, in C1s, the organic material removal effect was greater for EUV treatment than for APP, and the oxygen content was found to be low. In Cu (933 eV) area, the shoulder peak of Cu compound was detect...

We study the pair correlations and excitations of a dipolar Bose gas layer. The anisotropy of the dipole-dipole interaction allows us to tune the strength of pair correlations from strong to weak perpendicular and weak to strong parallel to the layer by increasing the perpendicular trap frequency. This change is accompanied by a roton-roton crossover in the spectrum of collective excitations, f...